Behçet's disease is a multisystem chronic damaging syndrome characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and recurrent uveitis.

bubble_chart Pathogen

The cause of the disease is unknown and may involve genetic factors, viral infections, and immunological aspects. It is currently hypothesized to be an autoimmune disease. The main pathological changes are occlusive vasculitis and tissue necrosis.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

1. General malaise, fatigue, low-grade fever, loss of appetite, recurrent ulcers in the genital and oral areas, and nodular erythema-like skin changes.
2. Ocular manifestations: Approximately 80% of patients develop uveitis in both eyes simultaneously or sequentially, with a disease course lasting 10 to 20 years. The types include:
   1. Mild iridocyclitis;
   2. Acute iridocyclitis, choroiditis,
   3. Acute panuveitis.
   The manifestations include recurrent granulomatous inflammation. Fine KP (inflammatory cells or pigment deposits on the posterior surface of the cornea), hypopyon, complicated cataract, and secondary glaucoma. Fundus findings include cystoid macular edema, degeneration, central retinal artery or vein occlusion, retinal edema, exudation, hemorrhage, optic disc hyperemia and edema, atrophy, and ultimately may lead to permanent vision loss.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

Mainly based on clinical signs:

1. Main signs: recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and various types of uveitis.
2. Secondary signs: arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders, vasculitis, and neurological diseases.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

1. Fully and persistently dilate the pupils.
2. Timely application of hormones, administered locally via eye drops, subconjunctival or periocular injections, but large doses and long-term use of hormones should be avoided.
3. Use of immunosuppressants: azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, carbamazepine.

bubble_chart Differentiation

1. It should be differentiated from uveitis accompanied by retinal vasculitis.
2. It should be differentiated from anterior uveitis accompanied by hypopyon.
3. This disease mostly occurs unilaterally, with manifestations of anterior or posterior uveitis, and is not associated with systemic manifestations such as oral or genital ulcers.