| disease | Enamel Hypoplasia |
Enamel hypoplasia and enamel hypocalcification both belong to enamel developmental abnormalities, which are a type of tooth structure disorder caused by disturbances during the formation of the enamel matrix. The causes of enamel developmental abnormalities include localized, hereditary, and systemic factors (such as congenital syphilis, malnutrition, pestilence, etc.). Enamel hypoplasia refers to a reduction in the quantity of enamel formed, rather than a decrease in mineralization quality. The causes of enamel hypoplasia include nutritional deficiencies, particularly the significant impact of vitamins C and D; endocrine factors; diseases in infants and mothers, such as measles and scarlet fever in children. Maternal conditions during pregnancy, such as rubella and toxemia, can also lead to incomplete enamel formation in teeth developing during that period.
bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations
1. The tooth surface shows color changes, appearing brown.
2. Teeth may have band-like or pit-like depressions.
3. Parallel horizontal lines can be observed on the tooth surface.
4. The incisal edge becomes thinner.
5. The cusps of posterior teeth are defective or missing.
6. It occurs symmetrically.
7. Multiple defects are present. {|106|}
bubble_chart Auxiliary Examination
1. Routine blood test
2. General radiographic examination
1. Occurring on various tooth surfaces during the same developmental period, it can affect multiple teeth, especially the labial surfaces and incisal edges of anterior teeth, as well as the cusp defects of posterior teeth. Based on the location of enamel developmental disturbances and the affected teeth, the relative age of involvement can be inferred.
2. Mild cases: The enamel surface is hard and smooth, appearing chalky white or yellowish-brown, with slightly reduced gloss, and no subjective symptoms.3. Moderate cases: The enamel surface appears brownish, with band-like or pit-and-fissure depressions, generally without subjective symptoms.
4. Severe cases: The enamel surface appears brownish, with honeycomb-like defects or even partial cusp loss, presenting a rough surface, and may elicit pain in response to thermal or chemical stimuli. {|103|}
bubble_chart Treatment Measures
1. For grade I enamel hypoplasia, fluoride can be applied to the depressed areas.
2. For moderate to grade III enamel hypoplasia, composite resin or prefabricated plastic veneers can be used for coverage.
3. For cases with existing caries or deep depressions, silver amalgam filling or light-cured composite resin treatment can be applied.
4. In severe cases, porcelain crown restoration may be performed.
1. Cure: After treatment, symptoms disappear. The morphology and color of the tooth return to normal, and the incisal edge of the tooth is restored.
2. Improvement: After treatment, symptoms disappear. The morphology and color of the tooth are not fully restored to normal.
3. No cure: After treatment, symptoms are alleviated, but there is no improvement in the morphology of the tooth or the color of the front teeth.
