Lymphedema is a pathological change caused by impaired lymphatic fluid return, which can occur in the external genitalia and upper limbs, but is most commonly seen in the lower limbs. Due to swelling of the lower limbs, the skin thickens, becomes rough, and hard as elephant hide, also known as "swollen foot wind wilting."

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

1. In the early stage, the affected limb is swollen, and in the advanced stage, the swelling becomes more pronounced, with a keratinized and rough surface, presenting as an elephantiasis-like swelling.
2. A few cases may experience skin fissures, ulcers, or the appearance of wart-like growths.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

1. History of filarial infection or recurrent erysipelas, or history of undergoing lymph node dissection and radiotherapy in the groin area.
2. The affected limb is swollen, presenting with an elephantiasis-like appearance.
3. No pigmentation occurs, and there are no varicose veins.
4. Microfilariae can be detected in peripheral blood tests of individuals with filarial infection. Lymphangiography can determine the development and obstruction of lymphatic vessels.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

1. Elevate the affected limb and apply compression bandaging;
2. Restrict water and sodium intake and use diuretics;
3. Treat filariasis or erysipelas;
4. Baking and binding therapy;
5. Surgical therapy: Procedures include lymphatic-venous anastomosis; pedicled omentum transplantation; excision of the affected area and skin grafting.

This disease is closely related to filarial infection and recurrent erysipelas, so it is essential to implement prevention and treatment measures for filariasis. For the initial episode of erysipelas, thorough management is necessary.

1. Cure: Symptoms sign disappear.
2. Improvement: Symptoms sign alleviate.
3. No cure: Symptoms sign persist.

bubble_chart Differentiation

Early-stage lower limb lymphedema should be differentiated from deep vein thrombosis and angioneurotic edema.