Papilloma is a relatively common benign tumor in the pharynx, possibly associated with viral infection. It is formed by the skin or mucous membrane epithelium and its underlying connective tissue protruding outward in a papillary shape. The papillae appear as round or oval epithelial masses with loose, highly vascular connective tissue at the center. Most are squamous cell papillomas.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

Most patients have no subjective symptoms or are discovered during pharyngeal examination, while a few may experience dry throat, itching, or a foreign body sensation. Larger tumors may cause swallowing or respiratory discomfort or obstruction.

Tumors mostly occur in the palatine arch, tonsils, soft palate margin, and uvula, followed by the dorsal surface of the soft palate, posterior wall of the hypopharynx, and aryepiglottic folds. Papillomas vary in appearance, presenting as red or grayish-white, with a hard or soft texture. The tumors are usually small, with or without a stalk, single or multiple, and may be verrucous, cauliflower-like, or granular. In children, they may appear diffuse and multiple.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

The diagnosis is not difficult based on the tumor's location and distinctive appearance, but confirmation requires pathological examination.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

The primary treatment is surgical removal, which can be performed under topical anesthesia by excision, forceps removal, cutting, or using laser, electrocautery, or cryotherapy. For those located in the laryngopharynx, removal can be done under indirect or direct laryngoscopy. The prognosis is generally good, but recurrence is possible, especially in cases of multiple growths or those associated with laryngeal papilloma, which require particular attention.