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The Himalayan Teasel Root used today is the dried root of the Himalayan Teasel Root family plant Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root Dipsacus asperoides C. Y. Cheng et T. M. Ai. This product is mainly produced in Fuling, Chongqing, Hefeng, Hubei, Sangzhi, Hunan, Bijie, Guizhou and other places. In addition, it is also produced in Yunnan, Shaanxi and other provinces.

materia medica research believes that in ancient times, Himalayan Teasel Root was composed of more than ten kinds of plants from multiple families. In the Ming Dynasty, Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root became the main species for medicinal purposes. In the Qing Dynasty, Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root became the only authentic source of Himalayan Teasel Root. And it is still in use today. Sichuan is the authentic production area of ​​Himalayan Teasel Root, and the history of Himalayan Teasel Root produced in Sichuan can be traced back to the Song Dynasty at the latest. Since the Himalayan Teasel Root variety from Sichuan was first recorded in Diannan Bencao, Yunnan also has the conditions to become an authentic production area for this product.

【Variety review】

Himalayan Teasel Root was commonly used as Chinese materia medica in the Han Dynasty. Wushi'er Bingfang was used in "Wushi'er Bingfang" and was also recorded in "Jijiu Zhang". Judging from the alias of Himalayan Teasel Root, Bencao Jing "a dragon bean", Bielu "a sophora tree". According to "Guangya": "褱, Himalayan Teasel Root", Wang Niansun and Sun Shuzheng said: "Sophora japonica is the same as 褱." Then the Himalayan Teasel Root called during the Han and Wei Dynasties probably refers to a leguminous plant.

The medicine was named because of its efficacy in different periods, and even in different regions in the same period. Himalayan Teasel Root was named because it can cure "incised wounds, carbuncles, broken bones, and repair muscles and bones". In Bencao Jing Jizhu At least 5 kinds of plants mentioned in "Himalayan Teasel Root" have been used for medicinal purposes. Tao Hong-jing said: "Tongjun Medicine Records" says: Himalayan Teasel Root grows and spreads, with thin leaves, stems like elvers, large roots, yellow and white. For juice, collect the roots in July and August. Nowadays, stems and leaves are all used. The joints are broken, the skin is yellow and wrinkled, and the shape is like a chicken's feet. They are also called parasitic on mulberry trees, but this is probably not true. At that time, people also had an elder tree, which was more than ten feet tall. Its leaves were like capsules, and its skin was used to treat incised wounds. It is suspected that this was the name of the elder tree. There is also a vine in Guangzhou named Himalayan Teasel Root, which is also called Nuodeng. Cut its stem and use its juice to retain fluid in a container. It can cure weakness and injuries, and it can be used to wash your head and make your hair grow longer. If you break a branch and insert it into the ground, it will grow. I'm afraid this will be the same again. Li Yun is a tiger thistle, which is very good, and the tiger thistle also heals blood.

The Himalayan Teasel Root with "leaves and thin stems like waterweed" in "Tongjun Yaolu" may be the same as the plant "Lamiaceae", and "Li (Dangzhi) said it is a tiger thistle", which is a member of the Asteraceae family. Plants of the genus Cephalanoplos, Cirsium, or Carduus. As for the Himalayan Teasel Root, which is "called parasitic on mulberry trees," it parasitizes strips on mulberry trees. The "Collected Notes" also says: "Nowadays, it is found everywhere, and the one that comes out of Pengcheng is the winner." The common people "They are all used by Himalayan Teasel Root." It should refer to Colored Mistletoe Herb Viscum coloratum Nakai of the Chinese Taxillus Herb family. Tao Hong-jing obviously does not regard these three kinds of Himalayan Teasel Root as genuine.

Tao Hong-jing believes that the genuine Himalayan Teasel Root is a small tree. According to its description, it seems to be the williams elder twig newly attached to the wood section of the "Xinxiu". Su Jing said: "williams elder twig, the leaves are like chinese elder herb, the flowers It's also similar. But the tree is about one or two feet high, and the wood is light and hollow. It grows by cutting branches, and other people also have it. It is called wood capsule, and it is found everywhere." "Illustrated Book": "The flowers and leaves are all similar. Capsule, chinese elder herb, and cress, so it is called wood capsule." Gangmu: "Separating bones is named after merit, and it is also known as bone-extending wood." According to this, Tao Hong-jing said This Himalayan Teasel Root is actually williams elder twig Sambucus williamsii Hance of the honeysuckle flower family. Tao Hong-jing also mentioned the Himalayan Teasel Root from Guangzhou. This plant was still recorded until the Qing Dynasty. Volume 14 of Li Tiaoyuan's "Notes on Nanyue" recorded Lingnan vines: "There are hundreds of species of Lingnan vines... There is a Liangkou Vine, shaped like a kudzu and with leaves like wolfberry. It leaves more than ten feet above the ground and is reborn. It contains clear water. If you are thirsty, cut it off. Fluid retention. It is very beautiful. You can bathe your hair for a long time. It is called Dipsus Vine and it often flies over several trees. To wrap around each other." Li Tiaoyuan described this kind of intermittent vine, with water in its stems, regeneration, and hair growth, which is completely consistent with what Tao said: "There is a vine in Guangzhou named Himalayan Teasel Root." It can be said that Evidence is one thing. Another study on the water-containing rattan in Li Xun's "Materia Medica" quoted from "Jiaozhou Ji": "It grows in Lingnan and in the valleys of Zhuhai. It is shaped like a kudzu and has leaves like wolfberry. It is often found on roads. Travelers eat this vine in places where water is scarce. Therefore, it is named. "Gangmu Supplements" common jointfir stem quoted from "Guangdong Chronicles" says: "common jointfir stem, there is a lot of water in the stem, if you are thirsty, it will be cut off and the fluid will be retained. When the belly is full, there will be water left. It's still dripping wet for half a day." This proves that the Himalayan Teasel Root that Tao Hong-jing calls a vine is actually the common jointfir stem Gnetum montanum Markgr.

Among the 5 kinds of Himalayan Teasel Root recorded in "Ji Zhu", William Elder Twig Himalayan Teasel Root and Nuo Teng Himalayan Teasel Root are considered authentic by Tao Hong-jing, but they are different from the Himalayan Teasel Root varieties commonly seen today, and they are not used for medicinal purposes. Judging from the location, it is not the Himalayan Teasel Root from the Han Dynasty. Examine the 17th line of Wushi'er Bingfang "The injured took a handful of Himalayan Teasel Root." It can be seen that Himalayan Teasel Root was used as medicine in ancient times, and Tao Hong-jing called Himalayan Teasel Root, and its medicinal part They are stems and leaves, bark or water in the stems, so the five types of Himalayan Teasel Root mentioned in the "Collected Commentary" are all confused.

Not only was Tao Hong-jing unable to determine the plant origin of Himalayan Teasel Root, but the variety of Himalayan Teasel Root during the Tang and Song dynasties was still confusing. "Xinxiu" said: "This medicine is available in all valleys, and is commonly used today. The leaves are like ramie. And the stem is square, the root is like Japanese thistle Herb, yellow and white." According to Xie Zongwan's research: "Su Jing Tang Bencao and Su Song Bencao Tujing say the leaves are like ramie and the stem is The Himalayan Teasel Root, which blooms red and white and resembles mother-of-pearl flowers, is equivalent to the current Phlomis umbrosa Turcz of the Lamiaceae family." This plant may be the Himalayan Teasel Root mentioned in the "Tongjun Medical Record" mentioned above. This kind of Himalayan Teasel Root is also mentioned in the literature of the Song Dynasty. In "Jijiuzhang", King Yinglin of the Song Dynasty added: "The name of materia medica Himalayan Teasel Root is Zhe, with square leaves like ramie stems, two pairs of leaves, and red and white flowers. The root is like Japanese thistle Herb." This also refers to the labiatae herb used in "Xinxiu". As for the medicinal picture of Jiangzhou Himalayan Teasel Root attached to "Zheng Lei", it is also a type of teasel root.

According to Waitai Miyao: "To treat stranguria, take raw Himalayan Teasel Root, twist the juice and drink it. The root of horsethistle is the root." (Zhenglei Bencao Himalayan Teasel Root article) is obviously related to Like the "tiger thistle" mentioned by Li Dangzhi, it is a plant in the Asteraceae family. Himalayan Teasel Root of the Asteraceae family seems to have been the mainstream medicinal use in the Song Dynasty. "Rihuazi": "Himalayan Teasel Root, also known as Japanese thistle Herb, mountain burdock." "Illustrations" quotes "Fan Wangfang": "Himalayan Teasel Root That is the horse thistle, which has similar leaves to Field Thistle Herb, but is larger than Field Thistle Herb's ears. The leaves are thick like burdock, with thorns on both sides, and its flowers are purple, similar to those shown in today's Yuezhou." Reexamination of "Zheng Lei" 》The attached medicinal map of Yuezhou Himalayan Teasel Root is basically certain to be Japanese thistle Herb Cirsium japonicum DC.

The official record of Himalayan Teasel Root 科 Plant Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root Dipsacus asperoides C. Y. Cheng et T. M. Ai first appeared in Diannan Bencao: "Himalayan Teasel Root, also known as drumstick grass, also known as monk's head." He also said: "Himalayan Teasel Root has a single seedling with opposite leaves, and the flowers on the seedlings resemble hammers." Xie Zongwan believes that the other name is " "Drumstick grass" and "monk's head" are descriptions of its spherical flower heads. Although Diannan Bencao has mentioned Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root plants as Himalayan Teasel Root, in the later "Pinhui Essence" Bencao Mengquan Bencao Gangmu still uses the old theories of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and most of the medicine pictures drawn are copied from the Jinzhou Himalayan Teasel Root in "Zhenglei". Therefore, it is impossible to judge the Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root just from these pictures and texts of the mainstream materia medica. (D. asperoides) Whether it has become the mainstream medicinal use in the Ming Dynasty, or it is just a local habit in Sichuan and Yunnan. However, the medicinal characteristics of Himalayan Teasel Root mentioned in the above books are indeed close to those of Imazhikawa Himalayan Teasel Root. Chen Jia-mo said: "The skin is yellow-red, so it is used as medicine. The root is taken in autumn. There are many rough and good ones, so choose It’s fine. But if you think it looks like a chicken’s feet, it’s the best. If it’s broken into sections and the skin is yellow and wrinkled, it’s really good. Remove the hard tendons and soak them in alcohol, and when exposed to the scorching sun, they’ll form thin slices.” Gangmu Description Himalayan Teasel Root medicinal material: "The medicinal material used by people today is from Sichuan. It is red and thin, and smokes and dust rises when it is broken. It is considered good." According to what he said, it is undoubtedly Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root.

There are very few materia medica in the Qing Dynasty with medicinal illustrations, but Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao (Fig. 1), Zhang Bing-cheng Bencao Biandu and Zhang Shaotang's Wei Guzhai edition Bencao Gangmu, both draw Himalayan Teasel Root as Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root (D. asperoides), Huang Gong-xiu Bencao Qiuzhen also has medicinal pictures of Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root, which fully shows that , Kiyoshigawa Himalayan Teasel Root has become the only authentic source of Himalayan Teasel Root.

【Authentic History】

According to Bencao Jing's record, "Himalayan Teasel Root gave birth to Antifeverile Dichroa Root Valley" Antifeverile Dichroa Root is Mount Heng, "Han Shu" "Geographical Chronicle": "There is Antifeverile Dichroa Root County." Zhang Yan noted: "Hengshan Mountain is in the west, avoiding the taboo of Emperor Wen." This is the earliest documented information about the origin of Himalayan Teasel Root. As mentioned above, from the Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the Himalayan Teasel Root varieties were extremely confusing. Different varieties had different origins. Since they are different from the Himalayan Teasel Root varieties used today, we will not discuss them for now.

Bencao Tujing in the Song Dynasty introduced the origin of Himalayan Teasel Root: "Himalayan Teasel Root grows in the Antifeverile Dichroa Root Valley, which is also found in today's Shaanxi, Hezhong, Xingyuanfu, Shu, Yue, and Jinzhou." Zheng Qiao's " "Tongzhi" divides Himalayan Teasel Root into two types: north and south: "Himalayan Teasel Root is called dragon bean, said is Zhe, said is Jiegu, said is Nancao, is called Sophora japonica, is called Japanese thistle Herb, is called horse thistle, the Sichuan Illustration Book says , with square stems and leaves like ramie, flowers like motherwort, and roots like Japanese thistle Herb, which is also the Himalayan Teasel Root in the north. Fan Wangyun: It is also called horse thistle, similar to Field Thistle Herb, with leaves like burdock, thorns on both sides, and purple flowers. , Kuaiji is Zhenger, this is the southern Himalayan Teasel Root.” In the Song Dynasty, the northern Himalayan Teasel Root actually refers to the rhubarb; the southern Himalayan Teasel Root, mainly produced in Kuaiji, is Japanese thistle Herb. Gangmu and others mentioned that "the modern use comes from Sichuan", but in fact, the history of Himalayan Teasel Root produced in Sichuan can be traced back to the Song Dynasty. There are three reasons: (1) "Illustrations" calls Himalayan Teasel Root medicinal materials: "There are several kinds available in the market. It is rare to distinguish the rough ones and use them for medical purposes. However, those with broken joints and yellow and wrinkled skin are considered true ears." This suspicion refers to the Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root. (2) Li Shi-zhen said: "Zheng Qiao's "Tongzhi" states that what Fan Wang said is the Himalayan Teasel Root of the South. I don't know the basis for it, so I think it is the Himalayan Teasel Root of the Biechuan River." (3) Also Gangmu Himalayan Teasel Root was invented: "When Secretary Zhang Shuqian of the Song Dynasty knew Jianzhou, his Excellency was suffering from blood dysentery. One liang of medical Stomach-Calming Powder was used. The last two and a half qian of Renchuan Himalayan Teasel Root was 2 qian per serving, decocted with water. If you take it, you will be cured. Renzi of Shaoxing, seasonal dys epidemicentery in Kuaiji, Shu Qian's son passed it on to people, and it is often proved that the effect of taking it on children with dysentery is effective." This article is quoted from the notes of the Song Dynasty. This proves that the history of Sichuan Himalayan Teasel Root can be traced back to the Song Dynasty at the latest.