[content]

Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is the processed product of the japanese buttercup herb plant common monkshood mother root Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.; common monkshood mother root is the dried mother root of the japanese buttercup herb plant common monkshood mother root Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. ; kusnezoff monkshood root is the dried root tuber of the northern common monkshood mother root Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. of the japanese buttercup herb family. Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root and common monkshood mother root are mainly produced in Jiangyou, Pingwu, Mianyang, Sichuan, Chenggu, Huxian, and Nanzheng, Shaanxi. Among them, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is the best produced in Jiangyou, Sichuan, and common monkshood mother root is also Made in Sichuan as the authentic product. Kusnezoff monkshood root is widely distributed in Northeast and North China provinces. It is mainly wild and has no obvious locality.

Materia medica Research believes that the literature before the Tang Dynasty has unclear understanding of the relationship between common monkshood mother root drugs such as Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, common monkshood mother root, slender root of common monkshood, etc., and various opinions are conflicting. In the Song Dynasty, Aconitum carmichaeli grown in Pingwu and Jiangyou areas of Sichuan is officially called the "common monkshood mother root". Its root is treated with a special process and is the only authentic source of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root medicinal materials. The "kusnezoff monkshood root" has always been The wild form of Aconitum carmichaeli, or the general name for other wild plants of the genus Aconitum, is the original name of Aconitum kusnezoffii in modern botanical literature. The reason is unknown. Sichuan has always been the authentic production area of ​​common monkshood mother root and Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. As for kusnezoff monkshood root, the current medicinal uses are still mainly wild, and the varieties are confusing. In view of the great difference in alkaloid content between different varieties of common monkshood mother root. , even from the perspective of medication safety, the GAP study of kusnezoff monkshood root should be carried out as soon as possible.

【Variety Review】

In pre-Qin literature, "Viola" may be the general name of certain types of poisonous plants. Most annotators interpret it as common monkshood mother root plants, "Guoyu" "Jin Yu": "Liji is blessed with poison in wine and pansy in meat", Jia Kui notes: "Jin, common monkshood mother root." "Erya" "Ji, pansy", Guo Pu notes: " That is, "common monkshood mother root", also known as "Jiang" in Jiangdong." "Zhuangzi" "Xu Wugui" "The medicine is actually pansy", Cheng Xuan Yingshu: "Viola, common monkshood mother root also treats migratory impediment." But according to Wushi'er Bingfang pansy, poisonous pansy, black beak Seen together, it seems that later commentators were right to suspect that Sumire was not a common monkshood mother root. Despite this, the "Wu Bei" mentioned in "Bi Fang", the Western Han Dynasty's "Wu Wu" slips and "Ji Jiu Pian" is undoubtedly a plant of the genus Aconitum in the japanese buttercup herb family.

common monkshood mother root drugs began to differentiate, probably starting in the Western Han Dynasty, "Huainanzi" "Miao Chengxun" says "slender root of common monkshood, black beak, the poison of medicine, a good doctor can save people." By the early Eastern Han Dynasty, "Wuwei Medical Slips" also appeared Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, black beak, slender root In the name of common monkshood, Bencao Jing also uses Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, common monkshood mother root, and slender root of common monkshood as three things, among which it is mentioned that "common monkshood mother root is a black beak" . Later, Bielu added a side article to the common monkshood mother root article appendix Sheyi and Wubei. There are different opinions on the relationship between these common monkshood mother root drugs throughout the ages. Here is a brief summary of the views on this issue from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty as follows: Bencao Jing Three things are born in three places. The scriptures say: "Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is born in Jianwei Valley", "common monkshood mother root is born in Langlingchuan Valley", "slender root of common monkshood is born in Shaoshi Valley" ", Tao Hong-jing didn't quite understand this. He said: "All these three buildings have the same root in the common sense, and Benjing is divided into three places, so each has its own suitability. There is no difference." In fact, the difference in origin implies the difference in variety. After the Han Dynasty, the three were regarded as one thing. The representative statement is Xie Lingyun's "Shanju Fu" that "the three structures are different in shape but come from the same origin." However, each family has different views on the relationship between various types of medicine.

1. Wei Zhangyi advocated the use of growth years to distinguish. "Guangya" said: "Xi Du, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. One year old is a squid, two years old is a black beak, Three years old is the Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, four years old is the common monkshood mother root, and five years old is the slender root of common monkshood."
2. Jin Zhanghua believes that it is caused by the difference in harvesting time. "Natural History" says: " Things of the same kind have different uses, common monkshood mother root, slender root of common monkshood, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. The same thing is picked in spring, summer, autumn and winter and has different uses."
3. The term materia medica in the same period also has differences, " "Wu Pu" said common monkshood mother root: "It begins to grow in the first month, with thick leaves, hollow stems, and the leaves are equal on all sides, similar to mugwort." And it is said that the black beak "is shaped like common monkshood mother root, and there are two similarities, such as common monkshood" The mother root's beak is also called the black beak. "Side" is Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, the one with the big horn. Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root "Dark skin and white skin". Bielu said: "The winter harvest is Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, and the spring harvest is common monkshood mother root." He also said, "The black beak is three inches long and has reached the slender root of common monkshood."
4. Tao Hong-jing's "Collected Comments" summarizes all the schools and makes a harmonious theory: "Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, collected in early August, the aniseed one is good." (common monkshood mother root) Today, it is collected in April, common The monkshood mother root has the same root as the Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. In spring, the stem is born, and the brain is shaped like the head of a black bird, so it is called common monkshood mother root. It has two branches and a common pedicle, shaped like an ox's horns. It is called a black beak, and the beak is the head of a black bird. For the mouth, it is also picked in August. Pound the stems to get the juice, and fry them in the sun to make a shot. Hunters use arrows to shoot animals, and the people in them will also die, so it is better to kill them quickly. "" (slender root of common monkshood) is adopted today. Mid-August. The slender root of common monkshood is similar to Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. It is thin and long, even three or four inches long. This and common monkshood mother root and Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root are originally from Jianping. , so it is called the three buildings. Today Yidu Yishan Mountain is the best, it is called the west building, and the one between Qiantang is called the east building. The strength is small and weak, and they are not similar, so it is said that the west ice is still better than the east white. It uses ash to kill When there is ice, it is not good for those who are strong." "(side) is Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. If the corner is large, take it off. It was not used in the past. Recently, doctors have used it to treat athlete's foot."
5. "New" "Xiu" put forward different opinions on Tao Hong-jing's interpretation of "three constructions". Su Jing said: "This thing originally came from the Shu Han Dynasty, and its original name was Jin. Now it is mistaken for Jian, so it is interpreted as Jianping. It also has poisonous buttercup herb leaves like Pansy, hence the name Shui Jin, is now called Acanthus, and also has the pronunciation of Jian. How can it be reincarnated as Jian Ping? There is no word Acanthus in the Chinese Character Book, which is also discussed in Zhen Li-yan's "materia medica 音义". slender root of common monkshood , Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, Side Zi were both harvested in August, and its common monkshood mother root was harvested in early April, so today it is said that it was harvested in February, which may not be the right time. "As for the relationship between the three constructions, "Xinxiu" did not discover anything. It only revised the origin of Side Zi, thinking that Side Zi is the smaller of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, rather than the lateral root of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Su Jing said: "Ziuzi is just common monkshood mother root. Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root slender root of common monkshood is born in the same place. The smaller side is Zi, and Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is not Zhengsheng. It is said to be from common monkshood mother root." By the side, the small one is the side, and the big one is the Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Today it is called the Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root corner as the side, which is why it is not the case. If below Dangyang (EX-HN2), between Jiangzuo and Shannan, Songgao and Qilu, there are horns like soybeans, and Kuizhou has gone up, and those from Jiannan, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root horns Once used foxtail millet, it is difficult to use it sincerely. Recently, everyone in Beijing has used fine Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, which is effective and has not taken any advantage. "
6. "Processing Treatise" completely differentiates them from the shape of the medicinal materials: "(Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root) Before using, you need to carefully understand it and do not misuse it. There are common monkshood mother root, black beak, slender root of common monkshood, Side seed, cochinchina momordica seed. common monkshood mother root has few stems, long body, black color, and few near tips. The skin of the black beak is above the sky, and there is a hint of soybean in it, which is eight or nine years pregnant. The bottom is sunken around it, as black as black iron. The slender root of common monkshood has a short body with no peaks. There are eleven pregnant women on all sides of the circumference. The pale skin is the slender root of common monkshood. The side is just Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root with small grains of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root on the side, such as date stones. Cochinchina momordica seed is just the beak, appendix, male, black, and side of the tree that are adjacent to the tree. It is called cochinchina momordica seed. It is not used in medicine. If it is taken, it will cause eyesight. "
7. Shu Bencao said: "(Sizi) was not used in the past, but now it is very effective in treating athlete's foot. According to the side of Tao Yun, it is Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. If the corner is large, cut it off. Su Yun is just a common monk mother root. Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. There is no evidence, but it is said that Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is as small as a foxtail millet and is difficult to use. According to Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, the side fruit has horns like the Chinese Date core and Areca Seed. The shape is naturally one, and it is still not small. So common monkshood mother root comes out Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root comes out side by side, it is clear. The head that looks like a blackbird is the common monkshood mother root, the one with two divergent beaks is the black beak, the one that is slender or even three to four inches long is the slender root of common monkshood, the root that is as close as a taro is called Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, the one that is close to the root is called Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Named side son, five things come from the same origin but have different names. The seedlings are about two feet tall, and the leaves resemble poisonous buttercup herb and mugwort. The flowers are purple-red, but are actually purple-black. Today, Longzhou and Mianzhou are the best. "
8. "Rihuazi" said: "The slender root of common monkshood is long and short with horns, thorny and empty, and the black beak is like the slender root of common monkshood, while the Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is long and short with horns, stable and solid, common The monkshood mother root is second to the Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, and the side is smaller than the common monkshood mother root. The one who is born together is called Tiger Palm, and is the descendant of the slender root of common monkshood. The strength of the son and the mother is different. That is, the perennial roots and tender ears. "
9. Bencao Tujing represents the official statement of the Song Dynasty: "However, the four products are all produced from the same species, and their species came from Longzhou. The seedlings are three or four feet tall, with four-sided stems, leaves like mugwort, purple-green flowers, ears, small fruits, and black seeds like mulberry fruit. This plant only grows one thing, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. When mature, there are these four things. When harvested, it is still brewed in one place. The 32-inch long one is called the slender root of common monkshood, and the cut corner of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root near the tip of the bud is called slender root. For Yuanzhong, the mother is the common monkshood mother root, and the other big and small ones are all Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, with the octagonal one being the top. "
10. Bencao Yanyi still bases his argument on medicinal materials: "common monkshood mother root, black beak, slender root of common monkshood, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, side, all five are the same thing. It is named based on its size, length and resemblance. "
11. Yang Tianhui's "Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root of Zhangming County" contained in Volume 3 of "Bin Tui Lu" by Zhao Yushi of the Southern Song Dynasty is considered to be an important document for studying the names and status of common monkshood mother root and Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. The description is indeed more detailed than those mentioned above: "Its stems are like wild mugwort and glossy, its leaves are like numb and thick, its flowers are purple, the leaves are yellow, and the stamens are long and covered with a round cover." ...There are seven types of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, which are essentially the same but not different. The type is common monkshood mother root, which is attached to common monkshood mother root. The one that is born by chance is the slender root, the one that is attached to the elder is the slender root of common monkshood, the one that is attached to the top is the slender root, the one that is attached to the top is called the side, and the one that is attached and scattered is the fistula disease blue. They are all connected in a coherent context, like a son attached to his mother. However, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is noble, so it is only attached to the name, and it cannot be compared with others. If one seed is planted and the child is six or seven or more, it is actually small. If one seed is planted and the child is two or three, it is actually a little larger. If one seed is planted and the child is special, it is actually very large. Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root The shape of the squatting root with fewer joint angles is the highest, the one with more nodes and mouse nipple (molluscum contagiosum) is the second best, and the shape of the abnormal shape with wind wrinkles is the lower one. Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root The color is white at the top, iron color at the second, and green at the bottom. The slender root of common monkshood, common monkshood mother root, and Tianjun are all over-grabbed, while fistula disease, blue and side, are used as beggars in the garden, and they are not enough. "

Regarding emetic therapy, I have taken the trouble to list various commentaries just to prove one thing. Most of the authors may not have actually seen common monkshood mother root plants, and they are more of a taken-for-granted description, so they are inevitably contradictory to each other. However, after careful examination of these remarks, the following information can still be obtained:

1. Almost all materia medica authors agree Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root and common monkshood mother root are derived from the same plant. Common monkshood mother root is the main root, and Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is the sub-root. According to Shu Bencao, Bencao Tujing The plant morphology described in "Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root of Zhangming County" and the planting habits of Sichuan, the main producing area, can basically confirm that the "Longzhou common monkshood mother root" pictured in "Zhenglei" is Aconitum carmichaeli, (Figure 1 ) Although "Zhenglei" also depicts Zizhou, Shaozhou, Chengzhou, Jinzhou, Jiangningfu common monkshood mother root, and Xiazhou side, some of them are not necessarily Aconitum plants, but as in "Illustrations" It is said: "The ones produced in the mainland are different from this, and they are also used today." This means that after the authentic status of Aconitum carmichaeli is confirmed, other confusing products gradually fade out, and the common monkshood mother root of this variety is mainly produced. In Sichuan, it is also called "common monkshood mother root". Its mother's root is treated with special techniques and is the only authentic source of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root medicinal materials.
2. Most authors also agree that the lateral root comes from the common monkshood mother root, but there are two opinions on which part of the common monkshood mother root it is. Tao Hong-jing and others said it is the lateral root on the Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root or Su Jing, Yang Tianhui, etc. said that the corners cut when processing Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root are small ones or those with special position and shape of the sub-root. According to the Aconitum carmichaeli plant sub-root, it is Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Although Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root has several knob-like protrusions, commonly known as Ding Bao, it only has fibrous roots and basically no lateral roots. Therefore, the sides in ancient commodities should be the diced buns cut off during the processing of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, or the smaller Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Su Song's opinion is very correct: "cutting Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root" The slender root of common monkshood is considered to be part of the common monkshood mother root, but the common saying is a bit strange. , Tao Yun: "The slender root of common monkshood is like Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, thin and long, even three or four inches in the elderly." This theory is accepted by most documents, not only "Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root of Zhangming County" It echoes that "and the elder is slender root of common monkshood", until the Comprehensive Dictionary of Chinese Medicine slender root of common monkshood article just vaguely says: "It is Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root or kusnezoff The shape of the monkshood root is long and thin." In fact, the roots of Aconitum plants are almost never strip-shaped. Tao Hong-jing said this, which is actually derived from Bielu "The black beak is long. There is also a misunderstanding of the term "slender root of common monkshood". Common monkshood mother root and black beak have two names for the same thing, or it is not wrong to say that black beak is the common monkshood mother root. The slender root of common monkshood The original intention is suspected to refer to the slender root of common monkshood mother root (beak). Chen Cheng Bencao Bieshuo's discussion is the most appropriate: "But the slender root of common monkshood is the first to grow common monkshood mother root, not Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, side child and the like are born, and they are the only ones that grow up over the years. Shu people are jealous of this and think it is disadvantageous. "This means that the single common monkshood mother root of the unfinished Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is the slender root of common monkshood. Li Shi-zhen has the same view, Gangmu said: "slender root of common monkshood It is born or transformed from the Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. It has a long shape and has no children, so it is called slender root of common monkshood. The long and pointed ones are called celestial cones, which are also pictographic. "In addition, Zhao Yushi, who wrote "Bin Tui Lu", has another view on slender root of common monkshood. He said: "("Gu Fu Zhi") says: slender root of common monkshood is similar to Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. And the species are different, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root species are close to fistula disease basket, slender root of common monkshood species such as Nutgrass Galingale Rhizome seeds. Every time a seed is planted, it is necessary to take soil as a trough, with the tendency of pouring evil. It is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top. When the seed is placed in it, its growth is absolutely different from Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Although the nature of the material makes it so, there are also human beings who can make it happen. This is something that Yang said is beyond the scope of this. If the review is like Zhiyan, then Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root and slender root of common monkshood are not the same, and Yang said it is missing. "According to what Zhao Yushi said, the slender root of common monkshood is probably an iron rod hammer Aconitum szechenyianum Gay. The root is spindle-shaped and has few sub-roots.

The above analysis also helps us speculate on the reasons why side and slender root of common monkshood have gradually faded away from Chinese medicine prescriptions. The sides are mainly the corners cut off from Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. With the change in the processing technology of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, its origin has become a problem. As for the small Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, it is used as the side. It did not come from Bencao Jing, so it was rarely used in later generations, and it was mixed with the late-rising fistula disease basket, so it was eliminated. The slender root of common monkshood originally refers to the common monkshood mother root. This type of variety has less variability and seriously affects the yield of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Therefore, Bencao Bieshuo specifically said: "Shu race I avoid this because I think it is unfavorable." Later, they used iron rods, hammers, etc. to pretend to be. This is what Zhao Yushi saw. Perhaps because of its excessive toxicity, it was also eliminated. But after all, the slender root of common monkshood is recorded in Bencao Jing, which is often mentioned in ancient prescriptions. Therefore, Chinese medicine, which is good at ancient times, has occasionally been used by some in recent times. The herbal medicine industry has its own solution to this problem. In the 29th year of the Republic of China, (1940) In the "Rules of Medicinal Materials" of Shaanxi Xijing City (Xi'an City) Traditional Chinese Medicine Trade Association, the article "slender root of common monkshood" says "detailed article common monkshood mother root", but the article "common monkshood mother root" does not mention anything about slender root of common monkshood. thing, in fact, it implies that the prescription of slender root of common monkshood should be common monkshood mother root. In addition, Mr. Xie Zongwan mentioned that salt Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root has three grades, the first grade is called Dafu, the second grade is called Chaoxiong, and the third grade is called slender root of common monkshood. Mr. Xie did not understand this very much: "The ancients called it slender root. of common monkshood is attached to the elders, but the current slender root of common monkshood is actually a smaller Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root ". This may also be a way for medicinal merchants to deal with those good ancient doctors. Modern salt Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root This specification no longer exists. In fact, using Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root to pretend to be slender root of common monkshood has been mentioned in Weiyao Tiaobian: "In recent times, people often pretend to be slender root of common monkshood (slender root of common monkshood). Repeated proofs will not be effective."

Lin Daoren of Tang Dynasty's "Xian Shu Lishang Xuduan Fang is probably the earliest Fang Shu that mentioned both common monkshood mother root and kusnezoff monkshood root at the same time. The name of kusnezoff monkshood root should be relative to common monkshood mother root. In other words, "grass" should mean rude, and it was officially recorded in "Baoqing materia medica eclecticism" of the Southern Song Dynasty. Chen Yanyun said: "kusnezoff monkshood root, a kusnezoff monkshood root, a native Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Born in Jiangdong and Zi. , Shao, Cheng, Jinzhou, Jiangning Prefecture." He continued: ""Rihuazi" tasted the name of Tu Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, and Sun Shaoyuan said it was kusnezoff monkshood root. There is also this kind in Sichuan, Therefore, the shape of the Zizhou kusnezoff monkshood root is also drawn in the picture, but its function is not obvious." Gangmu also said: "It is everywhere, and the roots and flowers are the same as the common monkshood mother root, but this It is wild, and there is no brewing method. Its roots are black on the outside and white on the inside. It is wrinkled and dry, and is very poisonous. Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Zazu" says that the sparrow taro is shaped like a sparrow's head, and it is placed on the dry ground to turn it around. Wet, wet ground turns dry, birds fall when touched, animals become stiff when touched, it is like kusnezoff monkshood root and the like, and it is even more poisonous." It can be seen that kusnezoff monkshood root can refer to the wild Aconitum carmichaeli, or it can refer to the wild Aconitum carmichaeli. Other plants of the genus Aconitum. It is unknown why most medicinal and botanical literature, including the Pharmacopoeia, lists North common monkshood mother root Aconitum kusnezoffii as kusnezoff monkshood root. But in fact, medicinal kusnezoff monkshood root is mainly wild. According to reports, at least 20 species of Aconitum plants are still used as kusnezoff monkshood root in various places. In view of the great difference in alkaloid content between different varieties of common monkshood mother root, even if it is used medicinally From a security perspective, GAP research on kusnezoff monkshood root should also be conducted as soon as possible.

【Evolution of the authentic land】

As mentioned before, in Bencao Jing, common monkshood mother root, slender root of common monkshood, and Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root are divided into three places. The differences in origin actually mean different varieties. We might as well focus on Prepared first. Origin of Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Sichuan has always been the authentic area of ​​Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. "Fan Zi Ji Ran" says: " Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root When you come out of the military capital of Shu, those who are white in color are good." Bielu says: " Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root was born in Jianwei Valley and Guanghan. "Wu Pu" "may be born in Guanghan". During the Qi and Liang Dynasties, due to the separation between the north and the south, transportation was inconvenient. Tao Hong-jing lamented: "If Jingyi is blocked, then all three buildings of Liyang Chinese Angelica and Qiantang will be used. How can it be similar." Therefore, Tao Hong-jing said in "Collected Comments" He praised Yidu Yishan (now Changyang County, Hubei) as the best.

After the country was unified in the Tang Dynasty, Sichuan regained the advantages of the Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. "Xinxiu" said: "Slender root of common monkshood, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, common monkshood mother root, etc., and used Shu Road Mianzhou , Longzhou is good, but even if there are those in other places who are weak, they are not similar. Those who come from the south of the Yangtze River are all useless." Qianjin Yifang ﹒ Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is also produced in these two places, "New Book of Tang Dynasty" "Geographical Chronicles" mentioned that Yuyao County in Mingzhou (Yin County, Zhejiang) and Yingling County in Longzhou (Jiangyou, Sichuan) all have Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Among them, it comes from Zhejiang. As Su Jing said, "Those who come from the south of the Yangtze River are all Unusable" and the like.

The place of origin of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root in the Song Dynasty is more clear. "Illustrated Book" says: "There are many varieties in Mianzhou's Mianzhou Mingming County (Jiangyou, Sichuan), but the ones in Chishui Township are the best." Chishui is in the Hexi area of ​​today's Jiangyou. Jiangyou Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root Yang Tianhui's "Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root of Zhangming County" discusses it in the most detail: "Mianzhou is located in Guanghan, and has eight counties, but Zhuangming has prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. Zhangming has twenty townships, but Chishui , Lianshui, Huichang and Changming are produced in Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root. The total land of the four townships is 520 hectares of fields. However, there are five fields of rice and three fields of foxtail millet. Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root The fields are only two of them. Combining the production of the four townships, the prepared common Monkshood Daughter Root has reached 160,000 kilograms. However, Chishui has more, followed by Lianshui, while Huichang and Changming have very little." This The records are completely consistent with the fact that Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is produced in Shuxiang, Hexi, Jiangyou today, but not in Hedong. Since then, although Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root has also been produced in various places, Sichuan Jiangyou is always the authentic one. Since common monkshood mother root is the mother root of Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, it is obvious that Sichuan origin should also be used as the correct one.

The situation of kusnezoff monkshood root is different. Since plants of the genus Aconitum are widely distributed throughout the country, we searched historical documents and found that the origin of kusnezoff monkshood root is almost all over the country. "Baoqing Materia Medica Eclectic" says: "kusnezoff monkshood root was born in Jiangdong and Zi. , Shao, Cheng, Jinzhou, Jiangning Prefecture." A careful analysis of the places of origin mentioned by Chen Yan revealed that they are actually based on 6 common monkshood mother root medicine pictures in "Zheng Lei", except for Longzhou common monkshood mother root, which was identified by Chen as common In addition to the monkshood mother root, the other five common monkshood mother roots of Zi, Shao, Cheng, Jinzhou and Jiangning are classified as kusnezoff monkshood root. As for Chen Yan’s statement that Kusnezoff monkshood root was born in Jiangdong, it is also true. In the Southern Song Dynasty documents, Hangzhou, Zhejiang (see Volume 18 of "Meng Liang Lu"), Taizhou (see Volume 36 of "Chicheng Chronicle"), and Huizhou, Anhui (Volume 2 of "Xin'an Chronicle") There are kusnezoff monkshood root output everywhere. However, as mentioned in the variety section, the legal varieties currently in use are mainly distributed in Northeast and North China provinces, and the above records may not be specific to this species, so they should not be used as proof of authentic superiority.