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doctor	Shen Kuo

alias	styleCun-zhong

dynasty	Northern Song Lived in 1031～1095

Works	Written Sushen Liangfang

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Shen Kuo, courtesy name Cunzhong (AD 1031-1095, the ninth year of Tiansheng reign of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty to the second year of Zhao Xu and Shaosheng reign of Emperor Zhezong of the Northern Song Dynasty) was born in Qiantang County, Zhejiang Province (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province). He was a famous politician, thinker, scientist and medical doctor in the Northern Song Dynasty of China. He is also very knowledgeable in astronomy, mathematics, calendar, geography, literature, history, philosophy and other subjects. When he was mentioned in the past dynasties, he was described as "erudite, omniscient, and especially skilled in medicine." It enjoys a high reputation not only in Chinese history, but also in the history of world science and technology.

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Shen Kuo was born into a feudal official family and succeeded Shuyang (now Shuyang, Jiangsu) County as the chief registrar. During his tenure as the Registrar, he organized the people to build water conservancy projects and rectified the Shu River, which had been in trouble for a long time. In the process of river management, he learned a lot from the people, recognized their intelligence and strength, and willingly worshiped the "village man" as his teacher, which laid the foundation for his subsequent achievements in medicine and other disciplines. At the age of thirty-three, he passed the Jinshi examination and worked in the Zhaowen Hall of the Capital, where he was able to read many books on medicine and other subjects. Later, he worked as a celestial control supervisor, where he restructured and innovated astronomical instruments and promoted the development of astronomy and science at that time. He made outstanding contributions to the development of calendar and other sciences.

Shen Kuo had cured many diseases in his life. During the Xining period, Shen Kuo was sent as an envoy to Khitan in order to demarcate the national boundary. Using his profound knowledge of history and geography, Shen Kuo identified the ancient Great Wall as the boundary, which frustrated the Khitan slave-owning aristocracy against the Song Dynasty. The dynasty's territorial claims and intrusions were met with diplomatic success. Politically, he tended to be progressive and supported Wang Anshi's reform at that time. When he was fifty-eight years old, he was demoted and lived in seclusion in Mengxi Garden in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang City). Therefore, he wrote a scientific masterpiece with his life's heart blood and named it "Mengxi Bitan". Later, there were "Supplementary Tan" and "Continued Tan". Taken together, it is a scientific work covering a wide range of subjects and with extremely high scientific value.
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TCM can effectively treat dry eye syndrome, floaters, retinopathy, and various chronic eye diseases
Two volumes in the book are devoted to medicine, pointing out many errors in ancient Chinese medical works, and re-correcting the varieties, forms, and functions of many important medicinal plants. He attached great importance to investigation and research. When he wrote Sushen Liangfang, "Everywhere he went, he inquired about everything, including doctors, alleys, villains, and even the homes of scholar-bureaucrats and hermits in the mountains and forests. I asked for every medicine and skill, and got it with the utmost sincerity." Therefore, after this book came out, it was highly praised by the medical community.
Shen Kuo's medical academic thoughts are concentrated in some chapters of his Sushen Liangfang, "Lingyuan Prescription" and Mengxi Bitan. Seeking truth from facts and not following others' opinions is a major characteristic of Shen's medical treatment. He was very much against the "overflow" of subjectivism. He said: "Those who give so-called "good prescriptions" must witness their test and start writing them in the article." In other words, when he compiled "Good Prescriptions", he had a standard, that is, it must be repeatedly verified in clinical practice and it is actually effective. Only those who do can enter the book, and vice versa. This scientific attitude toward scholarship is worth learning from future generations.
Under the guidance of scientific ideas, he hopes that the medical community will adopt a serious and prudent attitude in treating diseases and using drugs. He pointed out: "There are five difficulties in treating diseases, namely, it is difficult to identify the disease, it is difficult to cure the disease, it is difficult to drink medicine, it is difficult to prescribe and it is difficult to prepare the medicine." In his preface to "Good Prescriptions", he demonstrates the five difficulties separately and points out that these five are closely coordinated. To treat these five difficulties, we must give full play to the active role of doctors, fully consider all factors related to the occurrence of the disease, and "keep eyes on the sight, ears on the sound, and hands on the pulse" like "catching cicadas on a tree." " Only by concentrating on it with such superb skills as "carving a female monkey on a very thin branch" can you give the medicine.
Shen's medical treatment is very comprehensive. He has conducted research in various medical disciplines, including internal medicine, external medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, five sense organs and other subjects, which he studied and studied, no matter what the predecessors (such as Zhong Jing, Sun Si-miao, Wang Tao et al.), or the medical experience of unknown contemporary folk. He studied them all, clinically verified them himself, and attached them to verified cases (some were his own, some were collected, and some were witnessed by others). Although most of the "Good Prescriptions" recorded were created by others, each prescription has his own performance and unique insights. For example, the "Five Accumulations Powder" recipe, the basic medication is the same as the Five Accumulations Powder of Hejiju Fang. However, in terms of indications, it has been used to expand the scope of the original prescription. On the basis of affirming the clinical effect of this prescription, Shen pointed out that this prescription can be used for spontaneous sweating of yang deficiency and cold limbs caused by severe cases of external wind-cold, internal injury, and cold condensation (i.e., in a state of shock). ), not fully adapted. Therefore, it is proposed to treat it with Wuji plus Shunyuan San.
Sushen Liangfang is a medical collection compiled by people in the late Song Dynasty who collected Shen Kuo's medical experience and Su Dongpo's miscellaneous medical treatises. Its style is similar to a medical essay. The whole book is divided into ten volumes (other historical books contain fifteen volumes. Another one says eight volumes). The scope of discussion covers two aspects: pharmacology and therapy. In terms of therapy, it involves internal, external, and The subjects of gynecology, pediatrics, and five sense organs are mainly based on effective folk prescriptions. The book is accompanied by many test cases and discusses some practical moxibustion and so on. In addition, he also wrote twenty volumes of "Lingyuan Prescription".