Originally named Dingchen, with the courtesy name Qingzhu, later changed to Qingzhu, also with the courtesy name Renzhong, and known by more than twenty other names such as Gongta, Gongzhita, Selu, Shidaoren, Zhuyi Daoren, Danya Weng, etc. A native of Taiyuan, Shanxi. He was exceptionally intelligent from a young age. At the age of fourteen, he became a disciple of a scholar, and at twenty, he was promoted to a licentiate. He did not flatter the powerful and valued integrity. After the fall of the Ming dynasty, he became a Taoist recluse, living in an earthen cave to care for his mother, steadfastly refusing to serve the Qing dynasty.

Fu Shan was erudite and versatile, excelling not only in the classics and history but also in Buddhism, Taoism, calligraphy, painting, poetry, phonology, and exegesis. Coming from a family with a medical background, Fu Shan also practiced medicine after the fall of the Ming dynasty, establishing a "Health Clinic" on Sanqiao Street in Taiyuan. He cured many stubborn and severe illnesses with his skillful treatments. His medical manuscripts were later compiled by his descendants into Fuqingzhu Gynecology, Fu Qing-zhu Men's Medicine, Fu's Pediatrics, and others.