bubble_chart Source

This product belongs to the genus dogbane leaf (Apocynum venetum L.) of the Apocynaceae family, which is a perennial wild herbaceous bast fiber plant. There are different varieties of dogbane leaf (A.lancifolium Rus) and white hemp (A.hendersoii (Hook, F.) Woodson). Dogbane leaf is named after its discovery in Lop Nur, Xinjiang. It mainly grows in desert saline-alkali lands, river banks, ravines, and sandy hillsides. It is drought-resistant, salt-alkali-resistant, wind-resistant, and resistant to severe cold in winter and scorching heat in summer. It is abundant in Xinjiang and is also distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu and northern Anhui.

The fiber of dogbane leaf has the best quality among the wild fiber plants that have been discovered. It is a raw material for textiles and papermaking. However, its fiber length is inconsistent. During spinning, the fiber loss rate is high and the yarn yield is low. The roots and leaves have medicinal value.

In the northern part of Xinjiang, when the temperature is 10°C and the ground temperature is around 12°C, dogbane leaf sprouts appear. In the southern part of Xinjiang, the seedlings emerge in mid-March. Inflorescences appear from April to May, and the peak flowering period is from mid-June to early July. The flowering period lasts about 70 days. The spring warms up later in northern Xinjiang, so the flowering period is also later. The flowering period of white hemp is about 10 days earlier than that of dogbane leaf. The fruits of dogbane leaf grown in southern Xinjiang generally reach maturity in October; in northern Xinjiang it is later.

bubble_chart Morphological Characteristics

It is a perennial herb, 1 to 2 meters high, and the whole plant contains latex. Stem erect, hairless. The leaves are opposite, oval or oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm long, 0.5 to 1.5 cm wide, with a round or wedge-shaped base and a blunt apex. With spines extending from the midrib. The edges are slightly recurved, smooth and hairless; the petiole is short. Cymes born on stem ends or branches; bracts small, membrane-like, lanceolate, apex pointed; calyx 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate or triangular-ovate, about 2 mm long, covered with short hairs: corolla pink Color or light purple, bell-shaped, lower part tubular, 5-lobed at the upper end, there are 5 sub-corollas at the base inside the corolla; there are nectaries on the edge of the disk; 5 stamens with lobed anther holes; 1 pistil with 2-lobed stigma. green. The follicles are horn-shaped, yellowish brown with purple halo when ripe, 10 to 15 cm long and 3 to 4 mm in diameter. When mature, they will split along the thick veins and release the seeds. There are many seeds, yellowish brown, similar to date pit shape, with clusters of white slender hairs on the top. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruiting period is from August to September (Northwest and Northeast).

There are two types of roots: straight roots and horizontal roots. Straight roots grow vertically on horizontal roots. Both can grow new shoots and are good materials for asexual reproduction. The stems are young and mostly erect, and young stems are often prostrate in open spaces. White hemp seedlings are light green or off-white, and turn dark green when grown. The plant height is 1.0 to 1.5m. Dogbane leaf seedlings are purple in color. The shady part is green, the plant height is 1.5-2.0m, and it has strong branching habit. The fiber cells are located in the phloem of the hemp stem, and the fiber bundles are loose. There are milk duct cells in the lower part of the cortex, containing a lot of milk. Beautiful steetgum resin.

bubble_chart Properties and Meridians

Sweet and bitter, cool.

1. "Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine": "bland and astrigent, cool, slightly toxic."
2. "Xinjiang Chinese Herbal Medicine Manual": "sweet and bitter, neutral, slightly toxic."

bubble_chart Efficacy

Clears fire, lowers blood pressure, strengthens the heart, and is a diuretic.

bubble_chart Indications

Treat heart disease, high blood pressure, neurasthenia, hepatitis, abdominal distension and fullness, nephritis and edema.

1. "Jiangsu Herbal Medicine Chronicles": "The milk can heal wounds."
2. "Chinese Medicinal Plant Illustrated Book": "The young leaves, steamed, stir-fried and kneaded to make tea, are cooling and relieve fire, and prevent dizziness and fatigue. "The function of the heart."
3. "Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine": "It cools and purges fire, strengthens the heart and diuresis, lowers blood pressure. It treats heart disease, hypertension, neurasthenia, nephritis and edema."

bubble_chart Usage and Dosage

Oral administration: decoction, 2 to 3 yuan; or make tea.

bubble_chart Modern Pharmacology

1. Hypertensive effect: 2 hours after dogbane leaf decoction was administered to a dog with renal hypertension, the blood pressure dropped from 194/142 mmHg to 152/100 mmHg and remained stable at a lower level. It takes 3 days to recover, and the effect will be better when combined with Chinese materia medica such as external Li's medicine patch.
2. Cardiotonic effect: The canadrin contained in dogbane leaf roots can increase the contraction amplitude of the isolated and in-situ cat hearts, slow the heart rate, and then lead to irregular heartbeat, and finally the heartbeat stops in the systolic phase. The nature and speed of action are similar to those of trichoside, and central nervous system depressants such as sodium pentobarbital can weaken its cardiotonic effect. Experiments with dogbane leaf root extract on the heart of a resident cat also showed cardiac glycoside-like effects. Plants of the same genus (such as Canadensis) are less effective than Rehmannia when used on patients with atrial fibrillation. If used at a dose sufficient to control cardiac rhythm disorders, they often cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
3. Effects on experimental heart disease: Canadrin has a therapeutic effect on experimental heart blood vessel insufficiency in dogs. It can alleviate the symptoms of acute circulatory disorder in rabbit myocarditis and prevent myocardial and coronary artery sclerosis. This effect is superior to that of trichoside. It can restore the electrocardiogram changes of rabbits with atherosclerosis to normal, and has a particularly significant effect on the contraction of coronary arteries. It can also treat the insufficiency of coronary circulation in rabbits caused by pituitaryin and thrombin. It is also effective, but weaker. Can increase cardiac glycogen resynthesis.
4. Other effects: Canadrin generally exhibits a pressor effect and constricts the blood vessels of isolated rabbit ears. The diuretic effect on rats is stronger than that of trichoside, Erysimin and Neriolin. Canadian hemp extract has a diuretic effect in small amounts (in rats), but in large amounts it reduces urine output. Plants of this genus can increase renal blood flow and have strong diuretic effects. They can be used for abdominal retention of water in patients with heart failure, edema and liver cirrhosis. They are more irritating to mucosal membranes than Rehmannia, Convolvulus and other plants.
5. Absorption and accumulation: The new gallon preparation of Canadian hemp, Кендожид, is administered to cats orally at a dose that is 100 times more lethal than intravenous injection. It does not cause death. It can be seen that there is more damage to the gastrointestinal tract. The extract of dogbane leaf root produced in Shandong accumulates 61.7% in 1 day, 58% in 1.5 days, and 34.3% in 3 days. Therefore, it has a certain accumulation property, while canadin has almost no accumulation effect and is completely excreted on the 4th day. .
6. Biological activity: The feline unit of Shandong dogbane leaf extract is 3.19 mg/kg, which is lower than the 0.16 mg/kg of canadrin. The cardiotonic effect and biological activity of the latter are weaker than that of trichoside K.

bubble_chart Modern Application

1. Treatment of hypertension: Take 1 to 2 qian of dogbane leaf every day, brew it in boiling water and drink it as tea; or decoct it regularly in the morning and evening. A total of 596 cases were treated, of which 169 cases were treated with dogbane leaf alone; those who used other antihypertensive drugs had unstable effects and switched to dogbane leaf, or antihypertensive drugs were used together with dogbane leaf, and those who used dogbane leaf after their blood pressure dropped to a certain level were counted. 427 cases. As a result, 254 cases had symptoms disappeared or significantly alleviated, and 212 cases were relieved; among them, 143 cases had blood pressure dropped below 140/90 mmHg, and 268 cases had systolic or diastolic blood pressure dropped by more than 20 mmHg. The effective rate reaches 88.59%. The longer the medication is taken, the higher the efficacy, and it can reach 93.3% for more than half a year; however, the efficacy of dogbane leaf has no obvious relationship with the duration of the disease. It has a good relieving effect on headache, vertigo, brain swelling, insomnia dreamfulness and edema. This Yaodui is more suitable for patients in stages I and II; or as an auxiliary agent for the treatment of hypertension, it has a greater effect on improving symptoms. Good curative effect. Side effect: More common are bowel sounds and diarrhea; occasionally stomachache, poor appetite, dry mouth, bitter taste in mouth; panting or liver pain occur occasionally.
2. Treatment of heart failure: Take dried dogbane leaf roots (chopped) for 5 cents (about 16 grams), add about 300 ml of water, soak for 12 hours, fry with mild fire for 1 hour, cool and filter, get about 200 ml of filtrate, add A little bit of paraben can make 80% of the decontamination. Patients with degree II or III congestive heart failure are given 100 ml of Decoction twice a day after admission. When the heart rate decreases to 70-80 beats/min, change to the maintenance dose, once a day, about 50 ml each time. Observed 50 patients with chronic congestive heart failure, and analyzed the cardiotonic effect 3 to 5 days after taking the drug. The results showed that 31 cases were markedly effective (symptoms and signs were significantly reduced, and the heart rate slowed to the normal range), and 31 cases were effective (symptoms and signs were improved to some extent). , the heart rate slowed down but did not return to normal) in 16 cases and ineffective in 3 cases. Most patients' heart rates gradually dropped below 80 beats within 3 days after taking the medicine. The fastest dropped to normal after taking the medicine for 2 times, and the slowest dropped to normal within 5 days. After returning to normal, other symptoms and signs of heart failure generally improve or disappear. Thereafter, the maintenance dose is used. After taking the drug, some patients show changes like the hairy Rehmannia effect on the electrocardiogram, with the S-T segment descending obliquely and merging with the front segment of the T wave. Side effects and toxic reactions: Mainly in the digestive tract, with nausea and diarrhea being the most common. If the dose can be reduced in time, the reaction can be alleviated or disappear. Otherwise, it will continue to develop and cause vomiting. The cardiac side effect is mainly bradycardia and premature contractions, which can disappear after timely discontinuation of the drug.
3. Treatment of edema: Take 4 to 5 cents of dogbane leaf root decocted with water, twice a day. 34 cases of people with diseases with edema caused by various reasons were observed, and it was proved that it has a certain diuretic and swelling effect. The observed cases included 10 cases each of renal edema and cardiac edema, 6 cases of liver cirrhosis edema, 5 cases of pregnancy edema, and 3 cases of other edema. Most of them were critically ill patients for whom other diuretics had no significant effect. After taking dogbane leaf root, 10 cases were markedly effective and 19 cases were effective. Except for pregnancy edema, other patients generally have symptoms such as increased appetite, improved sleep, increased urine output, subsidence of edema, and lowered blood pressure. Attention should be paid to potassium deficiency during treatment.
4. To prevent and treat common cold: use 500 grams of sun euphorbia hemp, add 5000 ml of water, fry to 2500 ml, and add preservatives. Take 2 times a day, 50 to 100 ml each time. Or make it into 50% injection, 2 to 3 times a day, 2 ml each time, for intramuscular injection. A total of 120 cases were treated, and 107 cases were cured, accounting for 89.2%. The wind-cold type is more effective than the wind-heat type. During treatment, it was found that sun euphorbia anesthesia seemed to have a relaxing effect on tracheal smooth muscle. For some people with panting, the panting will be significantly reduced or disappeared after taking the medicine for three days. For prevention, taking 50 to 100 ml of decoction twice a day seems to be effective, but there are still few cases and further verification is needed.

bubble_chart Selected Prescriptions

1. Treat hepatitis abdominal distension and fullness: dogbane leaf is two cents, muskmelon base is one cent and five cents, Corydalis Tuber is two cents, clove is one cent, and Aucklandia Root is three cents. Grind the powder together, take 5 minutes at a time, twice a day, and take it with boiled water. ("Xinjiang Chinese herbal medicine manual")
2. Treat neurasthenia, vertigo, concussion sequelae, palpitation, insomnia, hypertension, liver cirrhosis, abdominal retention of water, edema: dogbane leaf one to three dollars. Brew it with boiling water and drink it as tea, do not boil it. ("Xinjiang Chinese herbal medicine manual")

bubble_chart Modern Application

1. Treatment of hypertension: Take 1 to 2 qian of dogbane leaf every day, brew it in boiling water and drink it as tea; or decoct it regularly in the morning and evening. A total of 596 cases were treated, of which 169 cases were treated with dogbane leaf alone; those who used other antihypertensive drugs had unstable effects and switched to dogbane leaf, or antihypertensive drugs were used together with dogbane leaf, and those who used dogbane leaf after their blood pressure dropped to a certain level were counted. 427 cases. As a result, 254 cases had symptoms disappeared or significantly alleviated, and 212 cases were relieved; among them, 143 cases had blood pressure dropped below 140/90 mmHg, and 268 cases had systolic or diastolic blood pressure dropped by more than 20 mmHg. The effective rate reaches 88.59%. The longer the medication is taken, the higher the efficacy, and it can reach 93.3% for more than half a year; however, the efficacy of dogbane leaf has no obvious relationship with the duration of the disease. It has a good relieving effect on headache, vertigo, brain swelling, insomnia dreamfulness and edema. This Yaodui is more suitable for patients in stages I and II; or as an auxiliary agent for the treatment of hypertension, it has a greater effect on improving symptoms. Good curative effect. Side effect: More common are bowel sounds and diarrhea; occasionally stomachache, poor appetite, dry mouth, bitter taste in mouth; panting or liver pain occur occasionally.
2. Treatment of heart failure: Take dried dogbane leaf roots (chopped) for 5 cents (about 16 grams), add about 300 ml of water, soak for 12 hours, fry with mild fire for 1 hour, cool and filter, get about 200 ml of filtrate, add A little bit of paraben can make 80% of the decontamination. Patients with degree II or III congestive heart failure are given 100 ml of Decoction twice a day after admission. When the heart rate decreases to 70-80 beats/min, change to the maintenance dose, once a day, about 50 ml each time. Observed 50 patients with chronic congestive heart failure, and analyzed the cardiotonic effect 3 to 5 days after taking the drug. The results showed that 31 cases were markedly effective (symptoms and signs were significantly reduced, and the heart rate slowed to the normal range), and 31 cases were effective (symptoms and signs were improved to some extent). , the heart rate slowed down but did not return to normal) in 16 cases and ineffective in 3 cases. Most patients' heart rates gradually dropped below 80 beats within 3 days after taking the medicine. The fastest dropped to normal after taking the medicine for 2 times, and the slowest dropped to normal within 5 days. After returning to normal, other symptoms and signs of heart failure generally improve or disappear. Thereafter, the maintenance dose is used. After taking the drug, some patients show changes like the hairy Rehmannia effect on the electrocardiogram, with the S-T segment descending obliquely and merging with the front segment of the T wave. Side effects and toxic reactions: Mainly in the digestive tract, with nausea and diarrhea being the most common. If the dose can be reduced in time, the reaction can be alleviated or disappear. Otherwise, it will continue to develop and cause vomiting. The cardiac side effect is mainly bradycardia and premature contractions, which can disappear after timely discontinuation of the drug.
3. Treatment of edema: Take 4 to 5 cents of dogbane leaf root decocted with water, twice a day. 34 cases of people with diseases with edema caused by various reasons were observed, and it was proved that it has a certain diuretic and swelling effect. The observed cases included 10 cases each of renal edema and cardiac edema, 6 cases of liver cirrhosis edema, 5 cases of pregnancy edema, and 3 cases of other edema. Most of them were critically ill patients for whom other diuretics had no significant effect. After taking dogbane leaf root, 10 cases were markedly effective and 19 cases were effective. Except for pregnancy edema, other patients generally have symptoms such as increased appetite, improved sleep, increased urine output, subsidence of edema, and lowered blood pressure. Attention should be paid to potassium deficiency during treatment.
4. To prevent and treat common cold: use 500 grams of sun euphorbia hemp, add 5000 ml of water, fry to 2500 ml, and add preservatives. Take 2 times a day, 50 to 100 ml each time. Or make it into 50% injection, 2 to 3 times a day, 2 ml each time, for intramuscular injection. A total of 120 cases were treated, and 107 cases were cured, accounting for 89.2%. The wind-cold type is more effective than the wind-heat type. During treatment, it was found that sun euphorbia anesthesia seemed to have a relaxing effect on tracheal smooth muscle. For some people with panting, the panting will be significantly reduced or disappeared after taking the medicine for three days. For prevention, taking 50 to 100 ml of decoction twice a day seems to be effective, but there are still few cases and further verification is needed.

bubble_chart Selected Prescriptions

1. Treat hepatitis abdominal distension and fullness: dogbane leaf is two cents, muskmelon base is one cent and five cents, Corydalis Tuber is two cents, clove is one cent, and Aucklandia Root is three cents. Grind the powder together, take 5 minutes at a time, twice a day, and take it with boiled water. ("Xinjiang Chinese herbal medicine manual")
2. Treat neurasthenia, vertigo, concussion sequelae, palpitation, insomnia, hypertension, liver cirrhosis, abdominal retention of water, edema: dogbane leaf one to three dollars. Brew it with boiling water and drink it as tea, do not boil it. ("Xinjiang Chinese herbal medicine manual")