Acute lumbar sprain is an acute laceration caused by sudden excessive stretching of soft tissues such as lumbar muscles, fascia, and ligaments due to external force. It often occurs when lifting heavy objects or during strong contraction of the lumbar muscles. Acute lumbar sprain can tear tissues such as the attachment points of lumbosacral muscles, periosteum, fascia, and ligaments.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

The patient has a history of lifting heavy objects, and some complain of hearing a crisp snapping sound. In severe cases, the pain is intense immediately after the injury, making movement impossible; in milder cases, the patient may still be able to work, but the pain worsens after rest or the next day, sometimes to the point of being unable to get out of bed. Examination reveals stiffness in the lower back, loss of lumbar lordosis, possible spinal curvature, and spasms in the sacrospinal muscles. A distinct tender point can be identified at the site of injury.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

During the acute phase, bed rest is essential. For those with obvious tender points, 1% procaine (or with 1 ml of hydrocortisone acetate) can be used for tender point block, supplemented by physical therapy. Local application of plasters that promote blood circulation, disperse stasis, and relieve pain is also an option. Once symptoms alleviate, gradually begin exercises to strengthen the back muscles.