Syringoma, also known as syringocystoma or syringocystadenoma, has been proven to be a type of eccrine sweat gland tumor that differentiates toward sweat ducts and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

bubble_chart Pathological Changes

Numerous ducts are embedded in the fibrous stroma in the upper dermis. The ducts are lined by two layers of epithelial cells and contain amorphous debris in the lumina. Some ducts consist of small cords of epithelial cells with a comma or tadpole-like appearance.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

This disease predominantly affects females and typically manifests during adolescence. Multiple lesions commonly appear on the face, particularly on the eyelids, neck, and anterior chest. In a minority of cases, an eruptive form may occur, presenting with widespread, symmetrical eruptions on the chest, abdomen, and limbs, in addition to the face. The rash consists of skin-colored, pale yellow, or brownish flat papules, measuring 1–3 mm in diameter, which are firm and may cluster but do not coalesce. Generally asymptomatic, some patients may experience cutaneous pruritus or a burning sensation in summer due to impaired sweating.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

Generally, no treatment is needed, but electrolysis or CO² laser therapy can be tried. Spot-removing solution or 20% urea cream for external use can help exfoliate the epidermis and alleviate symptoms.

bubble_chart Differentiation

The clinical presentation of this disease has certain characteristics, making diagnosis relatively straightforward. However, it sometimes needs to be differentiated from flat warts, xanthomas, and papular granuloma annulare. A pathological examination may be performed when necessary to confirm the diagnosis.