Warts are benign epidermal growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), commonly including common warts, plantar warts, flat warts, and condyloma acuminata in clinical practice.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

1. Generally, there are no subjective symptoms, and occasionally there is tenderness;
2. The skin lesions are needle-tip to pea-sized, semicircular or polygonal papules with a rough surface and obvious keratinization. They feel slightly hard to the touch, appearing gray-yellow, dirty brown, or normal skin color, with a papillomatous proliferation, often presenting a flower-like or spiny surface;
3. They commonly occur on the fingers, back of the hands, nail margins, and feet.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

1. It commonly occurs on the fingers, back of the hands, nail margins, and feet;
2. the skin lesions are hard, firm papules ranging from pinpoint to pea-sized, with a rough surface resembling flower buds or thorn-like projections;
3. initially appearing as a single lesion, it can self-inoculate and multiply, often without subjective symptoms, and follows a chronic course.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

Treatment principles

1. Sharp spoon curettage or liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, CO₂ laser therapy, surgical excision;
2. application of crowfoot grass externally;
3. topical application of 5-fluorouracil ointment or wart remover.

Medication principles

For stubborn common warts, immunotherapy or liquid nitrogen cryotherapy may be administered.

bubble_chart Cure Criteria

1. Treatment: The protruding wart is completely eliminated.
2. Improvement: The wart lesion is resolved.
3. No cure: The wart remains unchanged from before treatment.