The knee joint is a hinge joint surrounded by strong ligaments and muscles, making it relatively stable. It is less prone to disease, mostly affecting young and middle-aged adults, with a higher incidence in males.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

History of knee joint trauma, limb deformity, swelling, and pain with limited movement. Depending on the direction of dislocation, the tibia may shift backward, forward, or sideways. Ligament tears cause joint instability and abnormal movement. X-ray examination can reveal the dislocation and any associated fractures.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

1. Simple dislocation is easy to reduce, and traction alone suffices. After reduction, the knee should be immobilized in a functional position of 10–15° flexion for 4–6 weeks. After removing the gypsum, functional exercises should be performed. Sometimes, joint cavity hemarthrosis aspiration is performed 3–5 days after reduction. During immobilization, quadriceps contraction exercises should be practiced to prevent muscle atrophy. One month later, walking with gypsum can be initiated to strengthen functional training. If the dorsal pedis and posterior tibial stirred pulses disappear, vascular exploration should be performed after joint reduction. If embolism is present, it should be removed. If vascular avulsion occurs, anastomosis should be performed. If direct anastomosis is not possible, great saphenous vein grafting can be considered.
2. For ligament rupture and joint instability, repair can be performed 3 months after injury using autologous materials such as semitendinosus tendon or fascia lata.
3. For post-injury joint soreness and limited mobility, young individuals or manual laborers may undergo knee arthrodesis.
4. For elderly patients, total knee arthroplasty can be considered.