Inflammation or chronic irritation of the colonic mucosa leads to polyp or adenomatous changes. These can be single or multiple, most commonly found in the sigmoid colon and rectum.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

Hematochezia or mucoid stools may occur, along with tenesmus, constipation, or increased frequency of bowel movements. Low-lying polyps with long stalks may prolapse out of the anus during defecation.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

1. Hematochezia or mucous stool, may have tenesmus, constipation, or increased frequency of bowel movements. Low pedunculated polyps may prolapse outside the anus during defecation.
2. Digital rectal examination can detect low-lying polyps.
3. Barium enema may reveal single or multiple filling defects.
4. Colonoscopy allows direct visualization of the lesion's shape, size, and extent, and biopsy can determine the nature of the polyp.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

1. Low pedunculated polyps can be ligated and excised. Sessile polyps with a diameter <1.0cm can be directly excised by electrocoagulation.
2. High pedunculated polyps can be removed by high-frequency electrocoagulation under fiber colonoscopy.
3. For larger, irregular, or broad-based polyps, segmental bowel resection via laparotomy may be performed.
4. Once a polyp undergoes malignant transformation, radical surgery for intestinal cancer should be performed.