Thrush, also known as thrush disease or moniliasis, is a condition caused by fungal infection, which forms white patches on mucous membrane surfaces, commonly seen in infants and young children. This disease is caused by an infection of Candida albicans. This fungus can sometimes be found in the mouth and may cause illness when an infant is malnourished or physically weak. Newborns often contract the infection through the birth canal, or through contamination from unclean nursing nipples or the hands of caregivers.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

The oral mucosa presents with milky white, slightly raised patches, surrounded by no inflammatory reaction, resembling milk curds. There is no pain, and upon wiping away the patches, a non-bleeding red wound surface is visible underneath. The size of the patches varies and can appear on the tongue, cheeks, palate, or inner lip mucosa. Sometimes it affects the pharynx. In severe cases, most or all of the oral mucosa may be covered by the patches, which can spread to the pharynx and even extend to the trachea and lungs, posing a life-threatening risk. The use of general antibiotics can worsen the condition and promote its spread.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

Use a weakly alkaline solution, such as 2-5% sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to clean, and apply ice boron oil (a paste made from Chinese medicinals Borneol and Borax Powder) or nystatin suspension for good results.

Strengthen nutrition, especially by moderately increasing vitamins B₂ and C.

The nursery should pay attention to isolation and disinfection of breastfeeding to prevent transmission.

bubble_chart Differentiation

The differentiation of this disease from similar diseases