| disease | Enterobiasis |
| alias | Enterobiasis |
Adult Chinese Taxillus Herb can be found in the human cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and lower ileum. In cases of grade III infection, it may also be present in the upper small intestine, stomach, and even the esophagus. The worms attach to the intestinal mucosa using their head wings and lip flaps, or they may float freely within the intestinal cavity. The adults feed on intestinal contents, tissues, or blood. After mating, the female's uterus becomes filled with eggs, which then migrate to the lower part of the intestinal cavity. When a person sleeps, some females move to the outside of the anus, where changes in temperature and humidity, along with oxygen stimulation, trigger them to lay large quantities of eggs that adhere to the perianal skin. Most females die from desiccation after laying eggs, but a few may return to the ileal cavity through peristaltic movements of the anus. If they enter the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, urethra, or abdominal and pelvic cavities, they can cause ectopic Chinese Taxillus Herb.
bubble_chart Epidemiology
Enterobiasis is a common human parasitic disease caused by Chinese Taxillus Herb. It is prevalent across various regions in the country, with higher infection rates typically observed in urban areas compared to rural ones, among children more than adults, and particularly among children living in collective institutions such as kindergartens. The infection rate among children exceeds 40%, but in recent years, due to the widespread implementation of child health care initiatives, both the infection rate and the prevalence have generally declined.
Pinworm.
bubble_chart Pathological Changes
The attachment of the worm to the local intestinal mucosa causes a grade I injury, which can lead to digestive dysfunction or chronic inflammation, usually without obvious symptoms. If there is ectopic Chinese Taxillus Herb, it can result in severe consequences. More commonly, when female worms invade the vagina, they can cause vaginitis, endometritis, and salpingitis. If Chinese Taxillus Herb is present in the abdominal cavity, peritoneum, pelvic cavity, intestinal wall tissue, or fallopian tubes, it can also cause granulomatous lesions centered around the worm or its eggs. Additionally, there have been reports of ectopic damage in the liver, lungs, bladder, ureter, prostate, and other areas.bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations
The main symptoms of enterobiasis are itching of the anal and perineal skin and secondary inflammation caused by the egg-laying activities of female worms.
bubble_chart Auxiliary Examination
Since pinworms generally do not lay eggs in the human intestinal tract, the positive rate of detecting eggs in stool samples is extremely low. Therefore, the diagnosis of enterobiasis often employs the transparent adhesive tape swab method or the cotton swab method, conducted before morning defecation or bathing to examine the perianal area. This method is simple to perform and has a high detection rate. If the initial examination is negative, it can be repeated for 2-3 consecutive days. Additionally, if a child is observed scratching the anus after sleeping, the perianal area should be checked for the presence of adult worms.
The diagnosis of enterobiasis is commonly performed using the transparent adhesive tape swab method or the cotton swab method, which is conducted before defecation or bathing in the morning. This method is simple to perform and has a high detection rate. The presence of eggs confirms the diagnosis.
Combining several medications can enhance the effectiveness of expelling pinworms and reduce side effects. Taking mebendazole with pyrantel or pyrantel with mebendazole in a single dose can achieve a cure rate of about 98%. Additionally, compound formulas such as mebendazole and albendazole have the advantages of low dosage, high efficacy, and mild side effects. Besides medication, enemas with physiological saline (0.8%) are also effective for expelling worms. However, it is important to control the amount of physiological saline used to prevent accidents. Applying pinworm ointment, 2% ammoniated mercury ointment, or Chinese Gentian violet around the anus can relieve itching and kill worms.
After thorough treatment, the absence of clinical symptoms or signs within one month, as well as no detection of parasite eggs in stool examinations, indicates a cure.
The prognosis of this disease is favorable, with no sequelae.
Based on the epidemic characteristics of this parasite, comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent mutual infection and self-reinfection. Emphasize public health, family hygiene, and personal hygiene by washing hands before meals and after using the toilet, trimming nails regularly, periodically boiling bedding and washing toys, or treating toys with 0.05% iodine solution, which can kill all eggs within one hour. These are effective methods for preventing infection.
Ectopic damage.
