Congenital pulmonary cysts are relatively common congenital pulmonary developmental anomalies. During embryonic development, cysts form due to abnormal budding or branching of the trachea and bronchi. If a cyst arises from a single bronchial bud, it is a solitary pulmonary cyst; if several bronchial buds are simultaneously obstructed, it results in multiple bronchial cysts. Pathologically, they are classified into three types: bronchogenic, alveolar, and mixed.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

(1) Medical History Small cysts may be asymptomatic and are occasionally discovered during physical examinations. Large cysts can present with rapid breathing, hypoxia, and cyanosis. Secondary infections may cause fever, cough, sputum production, and occasionally hemoptysis. (2) Signs Large air-filled cysts exhibit hyperresonance on percussion and diminished or absent breath sounds on auscultation. Secondary infections may produce

X-ray findings:

Single or multiple air-filled cystic shadows, solid round or oval shadows, sometimes with air-fluid levels. Large cysts may compress the mediastinum, causing displacement of the cardiac shadow.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

﹝Treatment﹞

1. If complicated by tension pneumothorax, emergency management is required, including puncture decompression or closed drainage.
2. Surgical resection should be performed once diagnosed. In cases of secondary infection, the infection should be controlled first before surgery.