Rectal intestinal tumor is a type of benign tumor in the rectum, characterized by a mass covered with mucous membrane within the rectum. It may appear as small nodular mucous membrane elevations or large pedunculated masses, usually solitary, with a few being multiple. When numerous polyps accumulate in the rectum or involve the colon, it is referred to as polyposis. Polyps originating from inflammation are called inflammatory polyps; those with hyperplastic changes in the mucous membrane and no stalk are termed hyperplastic polyps; those arising from intestinal epithelium include adenomatous polyps and villous papillary adenoma polyps, which are prone to malignant transformation.

Rectal intestinal tumor is a type of benign tumor in the rectum, characterized by a mass covered with mucous membrane within the rectum. It may appear as small nodular mucous membrane elevations or large pedunculated masses, usually solitary, with a few being multiple. When numerous polyps accumulate in the rectum or involve the colon, it is referred to as polyposis. Polyps originating from inflammation are called inflammatory polyps; those with hyperplastic changes in the mucous membrane and no stalk are termed hyperplastic polyps; those arising from intestinal epithelium include adenomatous polyps and villous papillary adenoma polyps, which are prone to malignant transformation.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

1. Hematochezia: Bright red blood, covering the surface of the stool without mixing with it. If the bleeding is heavy or recurrent, it may lead to anemia. A few patients may experience a sensation of prolapse, and occasionally, polyps with long pedicles may protrude from the anus during defecation.
2. Digital rectal examination: For polyps located in the middle to lower rectum, the examination may reveal soft, smooth, and mobile nodules.
3. Proctoscopy: Adenomatous polyps appear round, with a light red, glossy mucous membrane surface. Villous papillomas are lobulated, cauliflower-shaped, and soft like sponges. Inflammatory polyps have long pedicles and a red color. Hyperplastic polyps mostly present as mound-like raised nodules.
4. If multiple polyps are found, sigmoidoscopy or fiber colonoscopy should be performed to rule out multiple polyps and intestinal tumors.
5. Intestinal tumors may sometimes be a local manifestation of other diseases, such as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, benign lymphoid polyposis, and familial polyposis syndrome, among others. These conditions often involve multiple polyps throughout the entire digestive tract and are accompanied by other corresponding clinical manifestations.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

Except for small, raised, proliferative polyps that can be closely monitored with regular check-ups, surgical treatment is generally recommended.

1. Electrocautery: Small polyps with smooth membranes and no signs of malignancy can be directly cauterized. Pedunculated polyps can be cauterized and excised by placing a loop at the base of the pedicle.
2. Ligation: For polyps approximately 1 cm in diameter, a ligation device can be used to place a rubber band at the base of the pedicle, causing it to gradually undergo ischemic necrosis and fall off.
3. Surgical excision: Polyps with thick pedicles or broad bases suspected of malignancy, as well as larger polyps located within 6–7 cm of the anus, can be excised via transanal approach under saddle anesthesia by suturing and ligating the membrane at the base. If the above methods are not feasible, the polyp can be removed via abdominal or sacral incision to access the rectum.