Insomnia is a persistent physiological disorder characterized by unsatisfactory sleep quality and/or quantity, and anxiety or fear about insomnia serves as a pathogenic psychological factor in the development of this condition.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

1. Symptom characteristics: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. It can be secondary to physical factors, environmental factors, neuropsychiatric diseases, etc. This condition refers to so-called primary insomnia caused by mental tension, anxiety, fear, or worry about insomnia. Its symptom characteristics include difficulty falling asleep, shallow sleep, easy awakening, early morning awakening, dreamfulness, and feeling fatigued or lacking a sense of alertness upon waking. Daytime sleepiness severely affects work efficiency or social functioning.
2. Course: Insomnia occurs at least three times a week and persists for more than one month.
3. It can be excluded as a symptom of physical illness or as part of a mental disorder.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

1. First, it is necessary to address the triggering factors.
2. Drug therapy: Hypnotic drugs can be used for symptomatic treatment in the short term. Commonly used medications include triazolam at 0.25–0.5 mg nightly or alprazolam at 0.4–0.8 mg nightly. Other options include estazolam and clonazepam. However, long-term use should be avoided to prevent addiction.
3. Biofeedback and various relaxation therapies are beneficial for alleviating anxiety and can promote sleep. Developing personalized physical exercise and sleep habits, as well as helping patients understand sleep physiology and guiding them in psychological approaches to correctly manage insomnia, are also very important.