Somnolence is a condition characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (not due to inadequate sleep) or prolonged transition time to full wakefulness upon awakening.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

I. Characteristics of Symptoms:

Excessive daytime sleepiness or sleep attacks that cannot be explained by inadequate sleep time; or prolonged transition time to achieve full wakefulness when awake.

II. Onset Duration:

Daily occurrence of sleep disturbances for more than three months, or recurrent episodes causing significant distress or impairment in social functioning.

III. Differential Diagnosis

It is necessary to exclude drowsiness caused by narcolepsy, sleep apnea syndrome, organic brain diseases, or mental disorders.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

Treatment is primarily symptomatic, and central nervous system stimulants can be appropriately used. For example, methylphenidate (Ritalin) 5–10 mg can be taken half an hour before breakfast or lunch, starting with a small dose and gradually increasing it, with a total daily dose of 30 mg. Alternatively, amphetamine 5–10 mg once daily can be gradually increased, with a maximum daily dose of 20 mg. Pemoline 37.5 mg once daily is also an option, with an effective dose ranging from 37.5 mg to 75 mg.