Hookworm duodenitis syndrome is caused by hookworm infection and is also known as Griesinger syndrome. It was first discovered by the Italian scholar Dabin in 1843. Subsequently, cases have been reported worldwide, primarily in temperate regions (between 35° north latitude and 30° south latitude). China is also one of the high-incidence areas.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

The initial symptoms often include increased appetite with weight loss, upper abdominal discomfort or dull pain, and abdominal distension and fullness after meals. In the late stage (third stage), loss of appetite may occur, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea, along with reduced appetite and pica. Some patients exhibit symptoms similar to ulcer disease, leading to a misdiagnosis of ulcer in about 10% of cases clinically. However, the pain lacks rhythmicity and does not respond to antacids.

bubble_chart Auxiliary Examination

1. Decreased or absent gastric acid.

2. Typical iron deficiency anemia.

3. Positive fecal occult blood, with blood eggs detected.

4. X-ray shows deformation of the duodenal bulb, but no ulcer crater. {|103|}

bubble_chart Diagnosis

Based on the medical history, the detection of hookworm eggs in the stool can confirm the diagnosis. Barium contrast studies and gastroscopy are helpful in ruling out conditions such as ulcers or stomach cancer.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

The main treatments include deworming, correcting anemia, and symptomatic treatment.