It is a type of viral encephalitis with an unknown cause that occurs sporadically or a post-infectious allergic demyelinating encephalitis.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

1. Medical History and Symptoms:

Acute or subacute onset, sporadic with no seasonal pattern. Often accompanied by a history of upper respiratory tract infection or diarrhea. Main symptoms include: mental disorders, encompassing psychomotor, speech and thought, emotional, perceptual, or (and) cognitive impairments; possible drowsiness, confusion, delirium, unconsciousness, and decorticate states among various consciousness disturbances; may manifest as various types of epilepsy, limb weakness, etc.; some exhibit symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as headache and vomiting.

2. Physical Examination Findings:

Aphasia, limb paralysis, pathological signs, and involuntary domination in circuit by element qi are common; symptoms of cranial nerve palsy such as eye movement disorders, diplopia, deviation of mouth, and dysphagia also frequently occur; symptoms of brainstem involvement like crossed paralysis and bulbar palsy; ataxia, autonomic dysfunction, and hypothalamic symptoms may also be observed. Some patients may exhibit papilledema and meningeal irritation signs.

3. Auxiliary Examinations:

1. Peripheral blood count shows grade I elevation in white blood cells.

2. Some patients exhibit increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, elevated cell count (predominantly lymphocytes), and elevated protein levels, but normal glucose and chloride levels.

3. Electroencephalogram (EEG) reveals diffuse theta or delta waves, occasionally showing sharp waves, spike waves, or spike-and-slow wave complexes.

4. Differential Diagnosis:

Requires differentiation from schizophrenia, other symptomatic epilepsies, meningoencephalitis, metabolic and toxic encephalopathies, intracranial space-occupying sexually transmitted disease lesions, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

1. Intravenous infusion of dexamethasone or hydrocortisone 200-300mg, once daily for 7-10 days, then switch to prednisone 30mg once daily for one month as a treatment course.

2. Appropriately administer vitamin B complex, neurotrophic drugs, and neurocyte activators (cytochrome C, citicoline, coenzyme Q10, cerebrolysin, piracetam) to promote neurological function recovery.

3. Interferon (intramuscular injection 300-500u/d for adults, lasting 3 weeks), transfer factor, or other immunomodulators may be administered.

4. Other symptomatic and systemic treatments are the same as those for herpes simplex encephalitis.