Suppurative infection in the loose space beneath the galea aponeurotica tends to spread but is often confined to the attachment margins of the galea aponeurotica, with pus accumulation potentially reaching 100–200 ml. The abscess usually originates from infected scalp hematomas after trauma or cranial osteomyelitis, and in children, it may occasionally result from scalp infusion or puncture.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

Patients with subgaleal abscess often present with scalp swelling, pain, eyelid edema, and enlarged draining lymph nodes. In severe cases, systemic toxic reactions may occur. The causative organisms are usually staphylococci, streptococci, and anaerobic bacteria. If not properly managed, the patient's scalp may develop necrosis or deeper invasion leading to skull osteomyelitis, extradural abscess, and even subdural effusion and brain abscess.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

For the treatment of subgaleal abscess, in addition to the administration of antibacterial drugs, timely incision and drainage should be performed. The method involves making multiple incisions at a low position for drainage, removing pus and necrotic tissue, and irrigating the abscess cavity with a solution containing 500μ/ml bacitracin, 1.0% neomycin, and 0.1% polymyxin. Then, a rubber drainage tube is placed for postoperative irrigation and drainage. After the procedure, the drainage incision is loosely sutured. Postoperative anti-infection treatment continues for 1-2 weeks, and the drainage tube is removed within 4-6 days.