Geographic tongue (geographic glossitis) is a condition where the filiform papillae of the tongue undergo atrophy and recovery in different areas, hence it is also called migratory glossitis. It is more common in adults but can also occur in children.

bubble_chart Etiology

The exact cause is unknown, but it is said to be related to heredity, an unstable nervous system, emotional fluctuations, and certain constitutional factors.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

The lesions primarily occur on the dorsal surface of the tongue, presenting as irregular, smooth, slightly depressed red areas due to the desquamation of filiform papillae, surrounded by thickened white or yellow margins resembling a map. The lesions may remain unchanged for days or weeks, disappear, or alter in shape and location. They may recur after disappearing. Generally, there are no significant symptoms, though a few patients may experience grade I burning or itching sensations.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

Generally, no treatment is needed. Maintain oral hygiene, eliminate irritants, pay attention to diet and digestive function. Gargle with a 2% sodium bicarbonate solution or a 2% sodium borate solution.