Lumbar muscle strain is actually a chronic inflammatory injury to the lumbar muscles and their attached fasciae, or even periosteum, and is a common cause of low back pain.

bubble_chart Etiology

Frequent, repetitive, and cumulative minor injuries (strain) can lead to pathological changes such as congestion, edema, exudation, fibrous tissue proliferation, and adhesions in muscle attachment points, periosteum, ligaments, and other tissues, which irritate and compress nerve endings, resulting in low back pain. After the onset of the condition, some muscles often enter a state of spasm to reduce movement in the affected area. Persistent lumbar muscle spasms can also cause cumulative strain in soft tissues, exacerbating pathological changes. Certain occupations require working in a fixed posture, which is another significant cause of strain. Acute soft tissue sprains that fail to fully recover may also develop into chronic strain.

bubble_chart Clinical Manifestations

Strain is often chronic in onset, without a clear history of acute trauma. Some patients have a history of heavy physical labor, intense exercise, or trauma, while others may have poor posture or a history of prolonged bending work. Symptoms fluctuate in severity, generally improving with rest and worsening with exertion. Patients may struggle with prolonged sitting or standing and frequently need to change positions. Some exhibit varying degrees of tenderness at the interspinous spaces, posterior superior iliac spine, sacroiliac joint, lumbosacral joint, or the second and third lumbar transverse processes, while others may have widespread tenderness or no fixed tender points. X-ray examinations typically show no abnormalities.

Due to the prolonged course of the disease, it is essential to build the patient's confidence. Physical therapy can alleviate symptoms, and patients with localized tender points may undergo prednisolone injection therapy. It is crucial to emphasize consistent lumbar and back muscle exercises to strengthen muscle power and stabilize the spine.