The exact dates of birth and death are unknown, but it is estimated that he lived during the 16th century. Known by the pseudonym Meigu, he was a native of Yin County (now Ningbo, Zhejiang). He enjoyed reading and was proficient in astronomy, music theory, military strategy, and archery. During the Jiajing era, he passed the military examination and attempted to influence officials with his strategies, but due to disagreements, he abandoned his official career and returned home. In his later years, he studied medicine, particularly excelling in acupuncture and moxibustion. He authored Zhenjiu Juying in 4 volumes (1529), A Summary of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in 3 volumes (1537), Orthodox Smallpox Studies in 4 volumes, as well as Guide to Archery, Discrimination of Music Theory, Direct Interpretation, and others.

To correct acupoints, Gao personally crafted three bronze models for acupuncture and moxibustion, one each for a man, a woman, and a child, which is rare in the history of acupuncture and moxibustion.