Yuthog Nyingma Yonten Gonpo was born in 708 in the medical family of Drong Jigna in the western suburbs of Lhasa. His great-grandfather Lozhi Xining was the royal physician of Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo, and his grandfather Zhai Jie Jageba Zha was the royal physician of Tibetan Kings Gongri Gongzan and Mangsong Mangzan. It is said that at the age of three, Yuthog learned Tibetan writing and reading, as well as scripture reading from his father Chongbu Dorje. By the age of five, he had received initiation rituals of Buddhist tantra such as "Rilu Chemistry" and "Medicine Buddha Practice" from his father. Yuthog Nyingma Yonten Gonpo displayed extraordinary talent and was meticulously educated and nurtured by his father.

Under the influence of family education and the medical family tradition, Yuthog was diligent and studious. From his youth, he had a solid foundation in medicine. Yuthog had a deep mentor-disciple relationship with the royal physician and the Chinese physician Dongsong Gangwa, who gifted him his medical works: Treatment of Epilepsy: The Wheel of Life (gZa'-bCos, Srog-gi'Khor-lo), Treatment of Rabies: The Dagger Wheel (Khyi bCos sPu-gri'i'Khor-lo), and Treatment of Convulsions: The Wheel of Signs (Bya-bCos mTshon-gyi'Khor-lo).

In his youth, Yuthog traveled to India twice for studies. His first study trip lasted four years, and the second trip took a total of one year and eight months. After returning to Tibet, he treated patients while teaching medical skills to his disciples.

At the age of 38, Yuthog traveled to various parts of India for the third time, studying for four years and learning from renowned physicians. Particularly under the renowned physician Me-dbyang, he listened to The Six Hundred Thousand Medical Treatments (gSo-dpyad'bum-pa), The Crystal Mirror of Medical Tantras (rGyud-gSel-gyi Me-long), Yuewang Yaozhen Supplement (Somaratsa kha-skong), and more. Under the guidance of Panchen Chandrabhi, he received teachings such as The Sage's Oral Transmission (Drang-srong Xyan-brgyud) and The Eight Branches (Yan-lag brGyad-pa). Upon returning to Tibet, he practiced medicine and taught disciples with remarkable achievements. The Tibetan king granted him three estates: Ta, Gong, and Qiong, and he built a monastery in Gongbu Manlong Valley to train doctors, process medicinal materials, produce medicines, treat diseases, and collect folk prescriptions. Later, he led his disciples to Wutai Mountain in China to worship Buddha and sought medical knowledge from the monk physician Arya, receiving teachings such as The Jewel of Formulations (Sbyor-ba'iphreng-ba) and The Inner Meaning of Internal Medicine (Byang-Khog Don-khrems).

In view of Yuduoningma.Yuandangongbu's outstanding achievements in Tibetan medicine, the Tibetan people respectfully refer to him as the "Sage of Medicine" and the "King of Medicine."