Huangdi surnamed Ji, also surnamed Gongsun (SP4), known as Xuanyuanshi and Youxiongshi, was the son of Shaodian. Living at the end of primitive society, he was a leader of a tribe or tribal alliance and is considered the common ancestor of all ethnic groups in China according to legend. He is credited with inventing boats and carts, weapons, writing, clothing, archery, music, sericulture, arithmetic, and more.

Ancient Chinese texts contain many records of Huangdi inventing medicine. The Centuries of Emperors and Kings states: "Huangdi ordered Qibo to taste herbs and oversee medical treatments, and thus the books of classical formulas and materia medica were born." The Outer Records of the Comprehensive Mirror states: "(Huang) Di observed that human life is shaped by the balance of yin and yang, influenced by diet and environment, and affected by external factors like heat and cold, as well as internal emotions like joy and anger. To address the recurring issues of premature death and misfortune among rulers and commoners, he explored the heavens and earth, studied the five colors, established the five circuits, delved into the nature of life, recorded yin-yang principles, and consulted Qibo to create the Neijing. He then tasked Yufu, Qibo, and Leigong to examine the nose and study breath and pulse, while Wupeng and Tongjun formulated prescriptions, enabling people to live out their natural lifespans."

The reason why the Huangdi Neijing and Huangdi Bashiyinan Jing from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods bear the name "Huangdi" is primarily to reflect people's reverence and remembrance of him.