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Li Gao compiled and completed the book in 1529 AD. The author had a fondness for medicine from a young age and achieved a high level of expertise in the field. His medical skills specialized in treating cold-damage disease, Yongju, and eye diseases. He observed that the diseases afflicting the people were mostly internal injuries caused by dietary imbalances and excessive labor. He proposed the theory that "internal injury to the spleen and stomach is the root of all diseases" and gradually developed a unique systematic theory?the Piwei Lun doctrine. Therefore, later generations regarded him as a representative of the "Tonifying Earth School."

This series of books reflects these academic thoughts and also compiles works from some famous physicians and their notable works from the Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, totaling 10 types. Song Dynasty's Cui Jia-yan authored Maijue, a single-volume book. Yuan Dynasty's Zhu Zhen-heng authored Jufang Fahui, a single-volume book. Yuan Dynasty's Li Gao authored Piwei Lun, a three-volume book. Yuan Dynasty's Zhu Zhen-heng authored Ge Zhi Yu Lun, a single-volume book. Yuan Dynasty's Li Gao authored Lanshi Micang, a three-volume book. Yuan Dynasty's Li Gao authored Neiwaishang Bianhuo Lun, a three-volume book. Yuan Dynasty's Wang Hao-gu authored Cishi Nanzhi, a two-volume book. Yuan Dynasty's Wang Hao-gu authored Tangye Bencao, a three-volume book. Yuan Dynasty's Wang Lyu authored Yijing Suhui Ji, a single-volume book. Yuan Dynasty's Qi De-zhi authored Waike Jingyi, a two-volume book.

Dongyuan Shishu was supplemented with two additional medical books by Wang Hao-gu during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Yuan Dynasty's Wang Hao-gu authored Yilei Yuanrong, a single-volume book. Yuan Dynasty's Wang Hao-gu authored Banlun Cuiying, a single-volume book. Dongyuan Shishu primarily embodies the long-term clinical practice of Li and his accumulated rich academic thoughts on treating internal injury diseases. It has had a significant influence on later physicians and remains of practical and research value to this day.

The main existing versions include: the Ming Dynasty Jiajing eighth year block-printed edition; the Ming Dynasty Jiajing period Meinan Shuwu block-printed edition; the Japanese Enpo first year Takemura Ichibee reprinted Yang Maoqing block-printed edition; the Qing Dynasty Guangxu seventh year Shanghai Wensheng Bookstore lithographic edition (with two additional works attached); and the 1929 Shanghai Shougushuju and Zhongyi Shuju lithographic editions.