This book is also known as Qianshi Shao'er Yaozheng Zhijue, Qianshi Shao'er Yaozheng, and Qianshi Shao'er Fang. It was written by Qian Yi of the Song Dynasty and edited by Yan Ji-zhong.

Yan Ji-zhong, also known as Xiao Zhong, suffered from "infantile malnutrition involving heart ??" at the age of 6 and was cured by Qian Yi, whom he greatly revered. He preserved more than ten of Qian Yi's family-prescribed formulas. In the early years of the Daguan era (1107), when Ji Zhong first became an official, he obtained ten of Qian Yi's treatises on diseases from relatives and friends. Six years later, he acquired several miscellaneous formulas from Qian Yi's later years. After arriving in the capital, he saw various versions of Qian Yi's works. However, the materials he obtained were disorganized and each had its own merits and demerits. Therefore, he cross-referenced them, reorganized the content, removed duplicates, corrected errors, and refined the colloquial language, compiling the book Xiao'er Yaozheng Zhijue, which was published in the first year of the Xuanhe era (1119).

The original version of this book is lost. The existing versions mainly include four types of Song Dynasty reprints, three types of compilations by the Siku Library, and an annotated version by Xue Ji. Additionally, there is a punctuated and annotated version published by Jiangsu Science and Technology Publishing House in 1983 (Chinese medicine ancient books series edition).

Xiao'er Yaozheng Zhijue is divided into three volumes: upper, middle, and lower. The upper volume records pulse diagnosis and treatment methods, including "pediatric pulse methods," "growth fever," "five zang-organs," and "five zang-organs diseases," totaling 81 chapters. It discusses the physiological and pathological characteristics of children and the diagnosis and treatment of various common diseases. The book provides particularly detailed observations on important pediatric conditions such as sores, infantile convulsion, and malnutrition. For example, it categorizes sores into five types: water blisters, pustules, macules, papules, and blackened sores, corresponding to the liver, lung, heart, spleen, and kidney five zang-organs. The first four types actually refer to chickenpox, smallpox, macula and papule, and measles, respectively. The ability to distinguish these conditions as early as the 12th century is truly remarkable. The middle volume records "23 previously treated cases," which are a collection of Qian Yi's clinical cases. The lower volume, titled "Various Formulas," lists over 110 formulas created by Qian Yi. These include both well-refined ancient formulas and ingenious new ones, such as the "Redness-Removing Powder" for treating heart heat in children and the "Rehmannia Pill" for kidney deficiency, which are still widely used by clinicians today. This book essentially reflects Qian Yi's academic thoughts and summarizes his pediatric clinical experience. It is a pediatric monograph that combines theory with practice, emphasizing the zang-fu organ differentiation approach, and has had a significant influence on the development of pediatrics after the Song Dynasty.