This product is mainly composed of Rhus chinensis (Rhus chinensis Mill.), a plant of the Anacardiaceae family, and is affected by the insect Aphididae (Melaphis chinensis (Bell) Baker). Chinese Taxillus Herb The galls formed are called "angular galls"; a few of them are affected by the same plant, red bran poplar (Rhus punjabensis Stew. var. sinica (Diels) Rehd. et Wils.) The galls formed after the Chinese Taxillus herb are called "melaphis paitan". Other plants of the same genus are affected by insect galls similar to the aphid Chinese Taxillus Herb.

This product was first recorded in Tang ‧Bencao Shiyi, and in Song dynasty ‧Kaibao Bencao, It is recorded in Tujing Bencao, Zhenglei Bencao is collected in the middle grade of the Wood Department, Ming ‧Bencao Gangmu is collected in the insect department. Ma Zhi said: "The son is green in color, the big one is like a fist, and there are many insects inside." Su Song said: "The one in Shu is the winner, and it is born on the leaves of skin wood." Li Shi-zhen said: "In the jungle where this tree grows, small insects such as ants will eat its juice in May and June. When old, the seeds will be left behind and form small balls among the leaves... At first they are very small, and gradually Long and hard, it is as big as a fist, or as small as a water calptrop base peel. Its shape is round and varies in length. It is green at first and becomes thin and yellow over time. It is decorated on the branches and leaves as if it is formed. Its shell is hard and brittle, and there are tiny insects in it. The midges are collected before Frost's Descent (18th solar term), and steamed to kill them, otherwise the insects will wear them out, and the shells will be thin and rotten. The leather workers will make a white medicine and cook it to dye it soapy color, which is very useful in season. "So the ones used in ancient and modern times are the same.

Chinese gall- belly times

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Chinese gall-angle times

(Source: Zhang Xianzhe's "Genuine Regional Materia Medica Illustrated Book")

[Property]

sour and astrient, cold. act on lung, large intestine and kidney channels.

[Efficacy]

It astringes the lungs and lowers fire, astringing intestines and checking diarrhea, consolidating essence and stopping diarrhea, astringing sweat and stopping bleeding.

[Indications]

1. For deficient lung chronic cough disease or lung heat phlegm cough: This product is sour and astringent, and cold can clear away heat. It can not only astringing lung and relieving cough, but also clearing heat and purging fire. To treat lung deficiency chronic cough disease, it is often used with astringing lung and relieving cough medicines such as Schisandra Fruit and Poppy Capsule; to treat lung heat and phlegm cough, it can be used with Trichosanthis Fruit, Skullcap Root, Fritillaria Bulb and other heat-clearing and resolving phlegm medicines are used together.
2. For chronic diarrhea, Chinese Gall has the effect of astringing intestines and checking diarrhea. It is used to treat the above diseases and can be used with Chebula Fruit and Schisandra Fruit Use together to enhance the effect of stringing intestines and checking diarrhea.
3. Used for seminal emission and spontaneous seminal emission: This product can also astringe, consolidate and stop sperm, and can be used for kidney deficiency seminal emission and spontaneous seminal emission. It is often used with Fossil Bone and Poria is used equally, such as Hejiju Fang Jade Lock Pill.
4. For spontaneous sweating and night sweat: Chinese Gall can astringe the lungs and stop sweating. It can be ground into powder alone, divided into equal portions with buckwheat noodles to make cakes, simmered and cooked; or it can be ground into powder and mixed with water to apply to the navel.
5. Used for metrorrhagia and metrostaxis bleeding or bloody stool hemorrhoids: This product has astringent and hemostatic effects and can be used to treat metrorrhagia and metrostaxis bleeding. It can be used alone or combined with carbonized windmill-palm petiole, Carbonized Human Hair can be used equally; to treat bloody stool hemorrhoids, it can be used equally with Sophora Flower and Sanguisorba, or decoction and fumigation affected area.
6. In addition, for external use, this product also has the effects of removing toxin, reducing swelling, moisturizing, astringing sores, and stopping bleeding. It can be used for boil and sore, eczema water from river, ulcer that does not astringe, anal prolapse and uterus. For sagging, etc., it can be ground into powder for external application or decoction for fumigation, or it can be used together with dried alum.

[Documentation]

1. Bencao Shiyi: "For intestinal deficiency and diarrhea, take the uncooked decoction."
2. Bencao Gangmu: "Contain the lungs and reduce fire, resolving Phlegm can be used to relieve cough, consumptive thirst, night sweat, vomiting, loss of blood, and chronic dysentery... It can cure red and wet eyes, reduce swelling, pharyngitis, incised wounds, and reduce prolapse of rectum." Also "Its taste is sour and salty, it can astringe the lungs and stop bleeding, resolving phlegm, quench thirst and stop sweating; its Qi is cold, it can dispel heat toxin, sores and swelling; its nature is astringent, it can remove diarrhea, dysentery and dampness."

[Usage and Dosage]

Dosage: 1.5~6g, take into pills and powder. Appropriate amount for external use, decoction and fumigation, or grind into powder and spread for application.

[Precaution]

Do not take this medicine due to cough due to external contraction and dampness-heat and diarrhea.

[Modern Pharmacology]

This product mainly contains 60-70% Nutgall tannins. Nutgall acid 2~4%. As well as resins, fats, waxes, starches, etc.

Nutgall acid has a precipitating effect on proteins. When it comes into contact with the skin and the ulcer surface of the mucous membrane, the tissue proteins are coagulated, causing a layer of membrane to show a convergence effect; the protein of the glandular cells is coagulated to cause secretion, producing mucosal membrane. Drying and protein precipitation in nerve endings may cause weak local anesthesia. Nutgall acid can form insoluble compounds with several metals, alkaloid glycosides and is therefore used as a toxin removing agent. Nutgall has an astringent effect on the small intestine, which can reduce intestinal inflammation and prevent diarrhea. In addition, it has inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, pneumococcus, disease caused by cold, paradisease caused by cold, dysentery, anthrax, diphtheria, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

1. Astringent effect: This product has the general pharmacological effects of tannins. Tannins have a precipitating effect on proteins and can coagulate proteins in local tissues such as skin, mucosal membranes, and ulcer surfaces. Therefore, they have an astringent effect and are clinically used to treat internal hemorrhoids and cervical erosion. Tannins can form insoluble compounds with some heavy metals, alkaloids or glycosides, so they can be used for removing toxins.
2. Antibacterial effect: This product has a strong broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. In vitro tests have proven that Chinese Gall decoction is effective against Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, pneumococcus, and diseases caused by cold, dysentery, anthrax, and diphtheria. , mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Microsporum woolly, Trichophyton rubrum, and Cryptococcus neoformans all have significant inhibitory effects, and the inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Dysentery bacilli is particularly strong. The antibacterial effect of Chinese Gall is related to the tannins it contains.
3. Toxicity: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.25ml of 100% Chinese Gall decoction, and all died within 12 hours. When the dose was reduced to 1/10 of the original dose, no one died, and there was no toxic reaction. Guinea pigs were given decoction 20g/kg orally, and no abnormalities were found; after subcutaneous injection, local rot and necrosis occurred. The animals showed restlessness, slow movement, lethargy, poor appetite, shortness of breath, and died 24 hours later. After tannins enter the body, they are almost completely decomposed into gallic acid (Nutgall acid) and pyrogallic acid (pyro-Nutgall acid). Extremely large amounts can cause focal liver cell necrosis.
4. Nutgall acid and its enzymes can inhibit the contraction of bradykinin on guinea pig ileum.