This product is the stem bark of the deciduous tree Fraxinus rhynchophylla (Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance) or Fraxinus chinensis (Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.) from the Oleaceae family, produced in Jilin, Liaoning, Henan, and other regions. The bark is peeled during spring and autumn, dried in the sun, and used raw.

bubble_chart Properties and Meridians

Bitter and astrient, cold. Act on large intestine, liver and gallbladder meridians.

bubble_chart Efficacy

Clearing heat and drying dampness, removing toxins, stopping diarrhea, stopping leukorrhea, improving vision.

bubble_chart Indications

1. Used for heat toxin dysentery, dampness-heat leukorrhea. This product is bitter and cold in nature, with astringent properties. It can clear heat and dry dampness to remove toxins, as well as astringe to stop dysentery and leukorrhea. For treating heat toxin dysentery with tenesmus, it is often used together with Coptis Rhizome, Phelloendron Bark, Chinese Pulsatilla Root, such as in Pulsatilla Decoction. For treating dampness-heat pouring down with red leukorrhea, it is often used with Moutan Bark and Chinese Angelica.
2. Used for red eye swelling and pain, and nebula membrane in the eyes. This product can clear the liver and drain fire, improve vision, and reduce nebula. It is used to treat stagnant fire in the liver meridian, red eye swelling and pain, and nebula membrane in the eyes. It can be used alone by decocting in water to wash the eyes, or used together with Chrysanthemum Flower, Coptis Rhizome, Gentian, etc.

bubble_chart Documentation

1. Benjing: "Removes heat, treats green nebula and white membrane in the eyes."
2. Mingyi Bielu: "Treats male infertility, leukorrhea in women, epilepsy in children, body heat, and can be used as an eye wash."
3. Tangye Bencao: "Mainly treats heat-induced diarrhea with tenesmus, and deficiency of the lower energizer."

bubble_chart Usage and Dosage

Decoct and take 3-12g. Apply an appropriate amount externally.

bubble_chart Cautions and Contraindications

Deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach should be avoided.

bubble_chart Modern Pharmacology

The bark of the Fraxinus chinensis (ash tree) contains aesculin, aesculetin, and tannins; the bark of the Fraxinus bungeana (small-leaved ash tree) contains fraxin, fraxetin, aesculetin, aesculin, and other coumarins, as well as tannins and saponins. The decoction has inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, dysentery bacillus, and Escherichia coli. The aesculin and aesculetin contained in the bark have anti-inflammatory effects and can inhibit artificially induced arthritis. They also have sedative and anticonvulsant effects. Aesculin has analgesic, diuretic, and uric acid excretion-promoting effects, as well as cough-suppressing and phlegm-resolving properties. Fraxin also exhibits significant anti-asthmatic activity, relaxing tracheal smooth muscle and counteracting histamine effects.