It refers to the involvement of two or more valves, with mitral stenosis combined with aortic regurgitation being the most common.

bubble_chart Diagnosis

1. History and Symptoms:

Symptoms of both aforementioned valve membrane lesions may occur.

2. Physical Examination Findings:

Signs of both aforementioned valve membrane lesions may be present, but the nature of the diastolic murmurs heard on auscultation differs between the two valves.

3. Auxiliary Examinations:

The pathological changes caused by the more severely damaged valve will dominate, making UCG the most suitable examination as it can clearly reveal the extent of damage to each valve membrane.

bubble_chart Treatment Measures

For heart failure, treatment can include cardiotonic, diuretic, and vasodilator medications. Digoxin 0.125mg, 1-2 times daily; sodium nitroprusside 25-50mg, added to 250ml of fluid, IV drip at about 6 drops per minute; hydrochlorothiazide 25mg, 1-3 times daily, with attention to potassium supplementation. In severe cases, cedilanid 0.2-0.4mg IV or furosemide 20-60mg IV may be used. Valve replacement surgery may be performed if necessary.