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Giant Knotweed Rhizome is used today as the dried rhizome and roots of Giant Knotweed Rhizome Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. Mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Henan, Guizhou and other places, mainly wild, but also domestically grown.

materia medica Research believes that since the "Erya", the Polygonaceae plant Giant Knotweed Rhizome has been the mainstream of medicinal use. This product is widely distributed and its authenticity is not obvious. It has clear medicinal uses in ancient materia medica. The output recorders include Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Henan, Yunnan and other provinces.

【Variety Review】

"Erya" says: "Praise, Giant Knotweed Rhizome." Guo Pu noted: "Resembling princess-feather herb but thick, with fine thorns, can be dyed red." Mingyi Bielu Named Giant Knotweed Rhizome root, Tao Hong-jing said, "There are many in the field, this shape is like a horse polygonum, with spotted stems and round leaves." According to princess-feather herb, it is also found in Bielu, which is called "like a horse polygonum" "It is large and grows near water." Its original plant is Polygonum orientale L., while Polygonum is a member of the same genus, Polygonum lapathifolium L., judging from Guo and Tao's description of Giant Knotweed Rhizome , this should be the same thing as Giant Knotweed Rhizome Polygonum cuspidatum.

Shu Bencao Tujing" says: "Grown in wetlands, the trees are more than ten feet tall, with red stems and yellow roots, where they are found." Su Song Bencao Tujing Description To be more precise: "The seedlings grow in March. The stems are like bamboo shoots with red spots on them. They branch out when they are born. The leaves are like small apricot leaves. They bloom in July and bear fruit in September. Those that emerge from the south have no flowers and have black root bark. , it turns yellow when it opens, like a willow root. Some are more than ten feet tall." According to the attached medicinal map of "Yuezhou Giant Knotweed Rhizome", (Picture 1) its rhizome is thick, with spots on the stem, and stipules on the knots. It is undoubtedly the Giant Knotweed Rhizome today.

However, a careful analysis of the texts and medicinal pictures of the previous materia medica cited in Zhenglei Bencao revealed that in addition to "Yuezhou Giant Knotweed Rhizome", the picture of "Chuzhou Giant Knotweed Rhizome" should also be Polygonaceae. Plant, but "Fenzhou Giant Knotweed Rhizome" is obviously not. Not only that, but the attached text about Giant Knotweed Rhizome by Bencao Yanyi is also very strange. Kou Zong-shi first denied Shu Bencao "Illustrated Book" said, and then said: "Giant Knotweed Rhizome is mostly similar to Hanju, but the flowers, leaves, stems and stamens are very different, and there are still light black spots on the stems and leaves. It blooms in a spiral from June to July, and blooms in September. The moon is already in the middle, and the flowers are blooming in all directions. Their color is like peach blossoms, which are different in color and slightly darker on the outside. There are many rivers in the foothills of Shaanxi." The one described by Kou is very close to the "Fenzhou Giant Knotweed Rhizome", and its original plant is unknown. Giant Knotweed Rhizome is a unisexual flower, dioecious, in dense axillary panicles, with a slender pedicel, a joint in the middle, and wings in the upper part. The flower is very small, with 5 deep lobes, white or light green-white, and two It appears that it is not one thing.

Although the varieties of Giant Knotweed Rhizome were somewhat confused in the Song Dynasty, the ones used since the Ming and Qing Dynasties are basically the Polygonaceae Giant Knotweed Rhizome. In addition to Giant Knotweed Rhizome, there are some plants in ancient materia medica that may be related to this product. Due to the origin history, they are briefly discussed below.

1. ceratostigma root See Bencao Tujing, which belongs to Benjing foreign herbs. The scripture says: "ceratostigma root, grows in the countryside of Yizhou. It tastes bitter and is cold in nature. It is mainly used to relieve wind and congestion, excessive heat, polydipsia, and mania. Collect the leaves in spring and summer, grind them, soak them in cold water, twist the juice and take it, it is very effective. Its stems and leaves are like Peppermint, also known as zebra, and zebra. "Some researchers believe that the nature, flavor and function of ceratostigma root are similar to those of today's Giant Knotweed Rhizome, and "Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine" Giant Knotweed Rhizome is also known as "moving the steamer", and the medicinal picture of ceratostigma root drawn in "Illustrations" shows that the leaves grow alternately. The oval shape with spots on the stem is similar to that of today's Giant Knotweed Rhizome seedling, so it is believed that the ceratostigma root is the Giant Knotweed Rhizome seedling. (See Sun Jian: Research on ceratostigma root in Bencao Tujing, Shi Zhen Guo Yi Guo Yao 1999; 10 (9): Ⅸ.) However, there are also different opinions. "Xinhua Materia Medica Compendium" believes that "Tu Jing" 》The ceratostigma root is the white-flowered plant patrinia herb Patrinia villosa Juss., while Ye Guorong thinks it is the single-leaf fortune eupatorium herb Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. of the Asteraceae family. (See Ye Guorong et al.: Textual research on materia medica of ceratostigma root, Chinese materia medica, 2002;25(3):200-201.) In fact, the pictures and text of this article in "Illustrations" are simple, and the textual research and reasoning of each school are insufficient. , what the ceratostigma root is related to still needs to be studied.
2. Sour Bucket Bamboo Shoots See Jiuhuang Bencao: "Beside the mountain stream of Shaohua Mountain in Shengmi County. Bamboo shoots have first leaves, and then branched stems grow. The seedlings are four to five feet high, and the stems are like water chestnuts. The stems are reddish-red, and the leaves are astringent like white hibiscus leaves, and also astringent like mountain spinach leaves, with thick veins. The taste is sweet and slightly sour." Because the plants recorded in "Relief from Famine" were all personally observed by the author, and The legend is accurate (Figure 2). It is undoubtedly Giant Knotweed Rhizome Polygonum cuspidatum, a plant in the Polygonaceae family.
   

   Picture 1, Yuezhou Giant Knotweed Rhizome

   

   Picture 2, Giant Knotweed Rhizome
3. Diannan Bencao has its roots. Volume 20 of "Illustrations" quotes it under the third picture of Air Potato, combined with Discussion on the name and identity of Bencao Gangmu Air Potato, Wu Qijun said: "The so-called xanthate in Li Shi-zhen is today's sour root, and Yunnan is called Banzhuang root." Today's arrangement of Diannan Bencao The author is correct in identifying this object as Giant Knotweed Rhizome.
4. Bencao Gangmu There is Air Potato in the grass section of Volume 18. The authentic one should be the common yam rhizome plant Dioscorea bulbifera L., but Gangmu Air Potato strips Xia said, "Nowadays, people plant it everywhere. Its stems are two or three feet high, soft and jointed, like a vine, but not a vine. The leaves are as big as a fist, about three inches long, and they are not like a mulberry. Its roots are about a foot long, and the larger ones are not. It is two to three inches in circumference, brown on the outside and yellow on the inside. Some may also be yellowish red, and the flesh color is quite like a Japanese dock root. People pound the roots into a blue-dyed vat, and the clouds change color easily." This is Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao The third picture of Air Potato in Volume 20 is actually the Giant Knotweed Rhizome. According to Li Shi-zhen, I am afraid that he does not really know Giant Knotweed Rhizome. In Volume 16, under the section of Giant Knotweed Rhizome, Li Xian explained its name, "The stick speaks of its stem, and the tiger speaks of its spots." This statement is correct, but The description of the Giant Knotweed Rhizome plant says: "Its stems are like water chestnuts, its leaves are round like apricots, its branches are yellow like willows, its flowers are shaped like chrysanthemums, and their colors are like peach blossoms." This is clearly a reference to Guo Pu, Su Song, and Kou Zong-shi's words are cut and pieced together. As for "the flower is shaped like a chrysanthemum and the color is like a peach blossom", and the Gangmu Giant Knotweed Rhizome medicine picture is drawn based on the "Fenzhou Giant Knotweed Rhizome" in the "Illustrated Book", they all expose Li Shi-zhen's It is not surprising that Wu Qijun mistook Giant Knotweed Rhizome for Air Potato due to his ignorance, which is why Wu Qijun criticized him.
5. Caomu Bianfang There is a sour soup stem, and the song says: "The sour soup stem is sour, dispelling wind, poison, yin, Chinese wax myrtle bark, applying cleansing. Vicious rot, hemorrhoids and fistulas are removed, wind-dampness is Danheat. It will eliminate itself." "Tianbao materia medica" has sour tonic. The song says: "The sour tonic should be named realgar, dampness-heat of spleen and stomach. It can cure muscle and bone pain all over the body, and all spasms of hands and feet can be cured." Both books The organizers all identified it as Giant Knotweed Rhizome, which is correct.

【Evolution of Authentic】

Giant Knotweed Rhizome is widely distributed in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and other provinces and autonomous regions. Obviously, among the ancient materia medica, there are clear records of medicinal output in Zhejiang (according to the "Yuezhou Giant Knotweed Rhizome" medicine map in the "Illustrations") and Anhui (according to the "Chuzhou Giant Knotweed Rhizome" medicine map in the "Illustrations") ), Sichuan (according to Shu Bencao, Caomu Bianfang, "Tianbao materia medica"), Henan (according to Jiuhuang Bencao), Yunnan (according to Diannan Bencao) and other provinces, these can be used as the basis for the construction of the GAP base of this product.