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The villous amomum fruit used today is the dried and mature fruit of Amomum villosum Lour., Amomum villosum Lour. var. Yangchun sand is native to Yangchun, Yangjiang, Luoding, Xinyi, Maoming, Enping, and Xuwen in Guangdong. It has been successfully introduced in Jinghong, Mengla, Simao, Dehong Prefecture, Wenshan Prefecture, Xishuangbanna and other places in Yunnan, and its output exceeds that of Guangdong and has become a medicinal product. Mainly used, in addition, there is also a small amount of cultivation in Guangxi and Fujian; green shell sand is mainly produced in Vietnam, Myanmar, and Thailand. It is wild and cultivated in Linlun, Wenshan, Gengma, Menghai, Funing, Jinghong and other places in southern Yunnan. , its importers call it "Western villous amomum fruit"; Hainan villous amomum fruit is mainly produced in Chengmai and Ya County of Hainan, Mengla and Jinghong of Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi.

materia medica Research believes that: villous amomum fruit, formerly known as shrunken honey, mainly relied on imports in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Guangdong began to emerge and Yangchun began to introduce Amomum villosum and provide medicinal uses. The region has always maintained its authentic advantages.

【Variety Review】

The original name of villous amomum fruit is villous amomum fruit, or villous amomum fruit, villous amomum fruit, villous amomum fruit, etc. Regarding the name of the medicine, Bencao Gangmu explained: "The name is unknown, lotus rhizome node There are many white beetles under it, which means it is secretly hidden. This thing is really under the root, and the kernel is hidden in the shell, or this means "." Qu Dajun's "Guangdong Xinyu" says: "When it is called shrinking sand, it refers to its shell. When it is said to be green, it refers to its benevolence. When it is called villous amomum fruit, it refers to its freshness. When it is said to be villous amomum fruit, it refers to its dryness." Bencao Yuanshi Yiyun: "This thing is really under the roots. The skin is tight and thick and shriveled. The kernels are like grains of sand. They are hidden inside the shell. Therefore, it is called shrunken sand dense. It is also commonly known as villous amomum fruit." Press All commentaries are based on literal meaning, and "Shushami" is a foreign word. According to "Tang Sanskrit Bilingual Dual Collection" compiled by the Tang monk Tudopapalua Kuanamisha, "Shushami" in Sanskrit is "Suqi Shishi". "Mystery", "Sanskrit Miscellaneous Names" records are similar. The fragments of the Otani Document No. 1074 and the Fragment No. 3976 both mention "Shusho Mi", which is also the transliteration of this word.

Shrinking sand honey is found in Bencao Shiyi. Chen Cang-qi said: "Shrinking sand honey has a sour taste and is mainly used for abnormal rising of qi cough, running-piglet and fright epilepsy pathogenic qi. It is similar to "shrinking sand honey". Cardamon Fruit." "Medicinal Property Treatise" mentions "exiting the Persian country", and the "Materia Medica" records are particularly detailed: "According to the Chen family, it was born in the countries of the West Sea and Xirong. The taste is pungent, flat, salty, mostly from The West Sea generally refers to the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean area, and the Persian country is Xirong, which refers to the countries in the Persian Gulf west of Xinjiang. As for Li Xun's statement that "most of them came from Andong Road," it is incomprehensible. Andong is in today's North Korea, and the direction I'm afraid I might be mistaken about where the Persian state is located in antagonism.

In the Tang Dynasty, all reduced sand honey was imported. According to its distribution, it should mainly be green shell sand Amomum villosum var. xanthioides. In the Song Dynasty, Lingnan began to provide medicinal materials such as honey. Although Bencao Tujing said that "it is found in the mountains and swamps of Lingnan", there was no mention of such plants in the Lingnan geographical records in the Tang Dynasty and before the Tang Dynasty. I'm afraid It is more likely to be introduced.

Kaibao Bencao Cloud: " It grows in the south. The seedlings are like ginger and are shaped like Cardamon Fruit. Its skin is thick, wrinkled and yellow-red. It is picked in August." Bencao Tujing has a more detailed description: "Shrinking sand honey, born in the south. , now only found in the mountains and swamps of Lingnan. The stems of the seedlings are like Lesser Galangal Rhizome, three or four feet high. The leaves are green, eight or nine inches long and half an inch wide. They bloom under the roots in March and April and mature in May and June. Real, fifty to seventy pieces per ear, shaped like sharpleaf galangal fruit and round, skin tight and thick, wrinkled like a chestnut, with thorns on the outside, yellow-red. There is a ball of fine seeds between the skin, eight fistula disease, more than forty pieces. , as big as millet, slightly black, harvested in July and August." Referring to the Xinzhou reduced sand honey picture attached to "Zheng Lei" (Picture 1), it should be the Yangchun sand Amomum villosum that is newly cultivated in Guangdong.

After the Song Dynasty, there should be no change in the varieties of shrunk honey. "Pinhui Jingyao", Bencao Mengquan and Bencao Gangmu all follow the medicinal diagrams of "Zheng Lei". Although the fineness and thickness are different, they are basically the same. What is puzzling is that the villous amomum fruit painted by Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao is in the shape of a small shrub (Figure 2) and is not a plant of the Zingiberaceae family at all. In this case How it came about is unknown, but Zhang Shaotang, who has always been good at using "Tu Kao" to extract medicinal pictures of Bencao Gangmu, abandoned "Tu Kao" and used "Zheng Lei" in the article "Villous Amomum Fruit" From the picture, it seems that Mr. Zhang has seen plants like Yangchun sand.

As for the modern equivalent of villous amomum fruit, Hainan sand Amomum longiligulare, which is used as medicine, it was a late substitute and gradually became a genuine one.

【Evolution of Authentic】

As for the domestic origin of reduced sand honey, Xinzhou and Chunzhou in Guangdong should be the first places of cultivation. They are now the two counties of Xinxing and Yangchun. The most famous ones in the past dynasties were also produced here. "Guangdong News" says: "villous Amomum fruit is produced in both Yangchun and Xingxing, and the one that grows in Yangjiangnan River is large and powerful. The place where it is planted is called Guoshan, and vilous amomum fruit is used as a fruit mountain, while jasmine is used as a flower field." "Nan Yue Notes" said. Same thing. It is customary to think that the villous amomum fruit of Panlongshan Mountain in Yangchun is the best of the best. "Drug Production and Identification" says: "Yangchun County, Guangdong Province is the most produced, and Panlongshan Mountain is the first." "Commonly Used Chinese Materia Medica Materials in China" quoted from "Yangchun County Chronicle" It is also said: "The honey produced is boasting the characteristics of bean dragons, and the treasures of the medical forest are distinguished by the spring sand."

In addition to Guangdong, Guangxi also had production in the Qing Dynasty. "Guangxi Tongzhi" said: "The shrunk seedlings are like ginger and the shape is like Cardamon Fruit. Those below Zutan are not less produced in Luofu." "Updated Weiyao Tiaobian said: "Shrinking sand is Yangchun sand. The one produced in Yangchun County, Zhaoqing Prefecture, Guangdong is named Yangchun sand. It is triangular and oblong, with slightly pointed ends. The outer skin is reddish purple with spines, and the flesh is purple black. The chewing taste is slightly spicy. , is the most authentic. Those from Luoding have flat and round heads, short thorns, purple-brown skin, thin smell, slightly inferior. The ones from Guangxi are named Xisha, with round heads, thin skin, lighter thorns, ocher black color, and fragrant smell. All are insignificant, more times."