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The dwarf lilyturf root is used today as the dried root tuber of the lily bulb family plant Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl. Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber is mainly produced in Hangzhou, Yuyao, Hushan, Kuedun and Xiaoshan in Zhejiang, Mianyang and Santai in Sichuan, Wuxi and Zhenjiang in Jiangsu and other places. In addition, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Anhui, Hubei, Fujian and other provinces and regions also have output. Mainly cultivated products, the one produced in Zhejiang is called Zhejiang Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber or Hangzhou Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, which is one of the famous "Zhejiang Eight Flavors"; the one produced in Sichuan is called Sichuan Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber. Generally, those produced in Zhejiang and Sichuan are considered authentic.

Materia medica research believes: dwarf lilyturf root Materia medica has many records in ancient times, mainly derived from lily bulb family Ophiopogon and soil Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber genus (Liriope) plants. Today, genuine Ophiopogon japonicus may be used for cultivation. Depending on habits, both Zhejiang and Sichuan can be regarded as the authentic production areas of this product. Relatively speaking, the cultivation in Hangzhou, Zhejiang is relatively long.

【Variety Review】

Bencao Jing There is both asparagus root and dwarf lilyturf root. Xie Lingyun's "Mountain Residence" "Two winters are called together and have different characteristics, and the three buildings are different in shape but come from the same place." The two winters are called the sky. , dwarf lilyturf root. Bielu "Wu Pu" records that Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber has many aliases. Bielu says: "The name of Qin is sheep and leek, the same name is love leek, the name of Chu is horse leek, and the name of Yue is sheep. One is Yujia, the other is limonite." "Wu Pu" says: "One is Majiu, one is Huodong, one is honeysuckle flower, one is Ninling, one is elixir, one is servant base, and one is Follow the fat."

Because dwarf lilyturf root has many aliases, ancient annotations occasionally made mistakes, so I would like to correct them here. 1. "蠠聼,苋东" in "Erya", Guo Pu's note: "Bencao Jing said, "Suidong's name is Mandong. Today it is called the door, but in common people it is called the ear." Because of "Erya" 》 asparagus root has a special name "耀耀", but dwarf lilyturf root does not have one, so Tang Lu Deming's "Classic Interpretation" "Erya Sound and Meaning" and Song Luoyuan's "Erya Wings" all talk about dwarf lilyturf root under the article "Gui Dong", implying that Gui Dong is the dwarf lilyturf root. According to Hao Yixing's Erya Yishu, "苋东" actually refers to roses, which has nothing to do with heaven or dwarf lilyturf root. 2. Bencao Gangmu dwarf lilyturf root The explanation of the name goes: "Wheat whiskers are called 苋. The roots of this grass are like wheat and have whiskers, and its leaves are like leeks. It does not wither in the winter, so it is called wheat turf in winter." However, the same book asparagus root article Li Shi-zhen said: "The luxuriant grass is called 苋, which is commonly used as a door. This grass is luxuriant and has the same function as dwarf lilyturf root, so it is called asparagus root." Both articles explain the word "苋" , to be so inconsistent, but in fact, Shi Zhen's two statements are wrong. "Erya" says: "虋, red seedlings. 葑, white seedlings." Guo notes: "虋, today's red beam foxtail millet. "芑, today's white rice foxtail millet. They are all good for grains." "Shuowen" is slightly the same. It can be seen that the original meaning of the word "苋" has nothing to do with wheat whiskers or lushness. 3. Collection of Sun Xingyan Bencao Jing dwarf lilyturf root According to "Wu Pu", there are "honeysuckle flower, Renling, Pu Lei" and other aliases, so "Shuowen" said "荵, 荵东草", " Classic of Mountains and Seas﹒ The "Qingyao Mountains" in "Zhongshan Jing" are all dwarf lilyturf roots. The "Pulei" in "Shan Hai Jing" has yet to be verified, while the "荵东草" in "Shuowen" is honeysuckle flower. Today Those who call Honeysuckle Flower are definitely not dwarf lilyturf root.

Judging from the name, this product must have gotten its name because it resembles wheat. According to "Qian Fu Lun" written by Han Wang Fu. "Sixian" says: "(To treat diseases), you should use dwarf lilyturf root, but you should get 睝第马". 第米SeeBielu. According to "Qi Min Yao Shu", it is a kind of barley. Today's people Taking Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. F. as an example, Wang Fu means that the steamed wheat kernels are used as the root of dwarf lilyturf root, which is similar, so the "Collected Notes" says: "Dongyue" The texture is like green beads, and the root is like wheat, so it is called dwarf lilyturf root, and the fat one is better." The leaves of dwarf lilyturf root are similar to those of leek, so the other names are mostly derived from leek, Bielu says: " "The leaves are like leek, long-lived in winter and summer." "Wu Pu" also says: "The leaves are like leek in the fertile land of the valley, and the leaves are like leek. They are fertile and dense. When harvested, the fruit is green and yellow." Based on the above records, the ancient dwarf lilyturf root should be lily. The bulb belongs to the genus Ophiopogon or the genus Liriope. If it must be identified as the genus Ophiopogon, the evidence is not sufficient.

Since the Tang Dynasty, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber has been divided into two types: large and small. Bencao Shiyi said: "The ones that come out of Jiangning are Xiaorun, and the ones that come out of Xin'an are Dabai. The big ones have seedlings like deer and onions, and the small ones are like leeks. There are three or four sizes of leaves with similar functions, and their leaves are round and green." This was still the case in the Song Dynasty. "Illustrations" says, "It exists today. The leaves are green like sedge, more than a foot long, and it does not wither in all seasons. The roots are yellow and white. , has fibrous roots, connected as beads, shaped like wheat grains, hence the name dwarf lilyturf root. In April, light safflower blooms like red polygonum flowers, which are solid green and round like beads. Those growing in the south of the Yangtze River have big leaves like deer onions, and small ones like onions. There are three or four sizes of leeks, with similar functions, and Yunwu may be particularly superior." According to literature research, the "Muzhou dwarf lilyturf root" pictured in "Zheng Lei" seems to be Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber Ophiopogon japonicus, and the "Suizhou dwarf lilyturf root" The flowers are upright, the petiole is upward, and the roots are few, resembling a mountain Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber Liriope spicata (Thunb.) Lour. In fact, because the differences between the genus Ophiopogon and the genus Liriope are small, and the descriptions of the ancients were originally brief, and they were more accustomed to following the records of previous generations, even Jiuhuang Bencao, who is known for his careful observation, The picture and text of dwarf lilyturf root can only be roughly inferred to be a wild species produced in Henan, perhaps a plant of the genus Ophiopogon.

However, there is a record in the Ming Dynasty Bencao Gangmu as the dwarf lilyturf root variety is presumed Providing a clue, Li Yun: "The ancients only used wild ones, and those used in later generations were mostly cultivated. The method is to pick the roots in early April and plant them in the black soil and fertile sand. Every June, September, and November Manure and irrigate the Summer Solstice (10th solar term) the Summer Solstice (10th solar term). Take the roots, wash and dry them the day before, and harvest the seeds. You can also plant them, but they will grow late. The ones from Zhejiang are very good. The leaves are like leek, with many vertical lines, and Toughness is the difference." Wild varieties may be confused, while cultivated varieties are generally less volatile. Shizhen said, "The ones from central Zhejiang are very good." This should be today's authentic Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber Ophiopogon japonicus.

Regarding the confusion of dwarf lilyturf root varieties, Wu Qijun’s discussion is the most accurate. Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao Volume 11 says: "It is found everywhere, and it is cultivated in Sichuan to make a career. Bencao Shiyi There are three types of clouds, big and small, and two types are used today. Others are similar to Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, and there are still several types. Medical books do not have its shape, and they are all included in herbal medicine. "The dwarf lilyturf root in the picture should be used today as a genuine product. (figure 1)

【Evolution of Authentic】

Bielu Although it is recorded that the place of origin of dwarf lilyturf root is "a long-abandoned place between the fertile soil and rocks in Hangu River Valley and Diban", and it also records the different names of Qin, Qi, Chu and Yue, we know this. Things were distributed everywhere at that time.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Jiangnan should be the main production area of ​​dwarf lilyturf root, and the production area gradually shifted from Jiangsu to Zhejiang. Bencao Shiyi mentioned that dwarf lilyturf root is produced in Jiangning (Nanjing, Jiangsu) and Xin'an (She County, Anhui). "Illustrations" says "Maybe those from Yunwu are especially good", and "Zhenglei" depicts Muzhou dwarf lilyturf root medicine map, Muzhou is now the Jiande of Zhejiang. Hangzhou officially became a dwarf lilyturf root authentic area, which may be related to the Song Dynasty's southward journey. It is recorded in Volume 2 of "Qiandao Lin'an Chronicles" and Volume 58 of "Xianchun Lin'an Chronicles" under the article on products and medicines. It is recorded in Volume 18 of Wu Zimu's "Meng Liang Lu" The medicines produced in Lin'an (Hangzhou, Zhejiang) all have the dwarf lilyturf root. The Hangzhou local materia medica Lyuchanyan Bencao, which was written in the 13th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1220), contains the dwarf lilyturf root. According to the medicine map, Mr. Zheng Jinsheng Presumed to be Ophiopogon japonicus. In the Ming Dynasty, Gangmu also said: "Those who come from Zhejiang are very good."

In the Qing Dynasty, Sichuan also had a large output and gradually became another main production area of ​​Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber. "Illustrations" said that "cultivating crops in Shuzhong is a career". In the eleventh year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, "Mianzhou Chronicle" recorded: "Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber is produced both inside and outside the city of Mianzhou. The larger one is about an inch longer and has a thinner white color. The smaller one is three to four inches longer and has an oily texture in the middle. It has the greatest effect." "Santai County Chronicle" It is also recorded: "In the 19th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, it has been widely planted in Baiyi'an, Yuanhe." Therefore, "Drug Production Analysis" said that "the common name is melon yellow when produced in Mianzhou, Sichuan, and the name Sudong when produced in Hangzhou, Zhejiang." In the 29th year of the Republic of China ( 1940) The dwarf lilyturf root article in the "Rules of Medicinal Materials" of Xijing City, Shaanxi (Xi'an City) Sinopharm Business Association also states that the place of origin is "Sichuan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang".

Except Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Sichuan, Qianjin Yifang ﹒ "The Medicine Comes Out of the Prefecture" records that dwarf lilyturf root came out of Huazhou (Huayin, Shaanxi); "Zheng Lei" depicts "Suizhou dwarf lilyturf root", Suizhou is now Suixian County, Hubei; Jiuhuang Bencao talks about the mountains and fields of Huixian County, Henan It is also found in "Illustrations" also mentioned that "there are small gardens in Yunnan, and those who protect the steps are all dwarf lilyturf root." Since the varieties above are not accurate, it should not be used as an authentic basis for using genuine Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber today.