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The Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit used today is the dried and mature fruit of the Magnoliaceae plant Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. It is commonly known as "Northern Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit". Orange magnoliavine fruit is a dry and mature fruit belonging to the Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit is mainly produced in Benxi, Fengcheng, Huanren, and Dandong in Liaoning, Huadian, Jiaohe, Liuhe, Linjiang, Fusong, and Tonghua in Jilin, Acheng, Ning'an, and Hulin in Heilongjiang, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, etc. There are also products produced in the land. It is customary to think that the ones produced in Liaoning are oily, purple-red, thick in flesh, strong in smell, and of the best quality, so they are called "Liao Wuwei". Orange magnoliavine fruit is produced in Shaanxi, Hubei, Shanxi, Henan, Yunnan and other provinces.

materia medica Research believes that ancient medicinal Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit includes various plants of the genus Schisandra of the Magnoliaceae family, but Schisandra chinensis has always been the authentic one. In the Song Dynasty, this species was called "True Northern Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit" to distinguish it from other species. . The name "NanWuwei" began to appear in the Ming Dynasty, but its function and quality were controversial among materia medica doctors. Until the recent Zhongguo Yaodian, although it comes from plant sources The Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit is divided into two categories, but there is no difference at all in terms of taste, meridian tropism, and efficacy, which may lead to the eventual elimination of orange magnoliavine fruit. (North) Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit is originated from Liaoning Province. According to records, orange magnoliavine fruit has a long history of use in Shanxi and Shaanxi.

【Variety Review】

"Erya" "苋,莎苏", Guo Pu's note: "Wuwei also, creeping, with seeds clustered at the stem head." Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit has Wuwei > From which it got its name, "Xinxiu" said: "Wuwei, the skin and flesh are sweet and sour, the core is pungent and bitter, and both have a salty taste. This is what Wuwei has. " Leigong Paozhi Lun said: "Its taste is sour, salty, bitter, pungent, and sweet." Wuwei is combined with five elements, so Taoist immortals often use it in taking medicine, as quoted in "Taiping Yulan" "Dian Shu" says: "Wuwei is the essence of five elements, and his son is Wuwei. Huainan Gong and Xianmen's son obeyed Wuwei sixteen In the year, you will not be soaked by water, you will not be scorched by fire, and you will travel thousands of miles a day." Baopuzi Internal Chapter﹒ "Elixir of Immortality" also said, "Yimenzi has been taking Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit for sixteen years, and her color is like a jade girl. It does not touch water and does not burn when it enters fire." There are many medicine prescriptions. For example, Wuwei in Shouxian Wuzi Pills is one of the five pills. Wangjun Heche uses Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit "mainly five zang-organs". Zheng Piyun from Nanyue Zhen teaches five elements Qiwei Pills Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit is the "essence of gold".

The Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit used in ancient times should all be plants of the genus Schisandra of the Magnoliaceae family. Perhaps it is because Taoism attaches great importance to it. Tao Hong-jing, a Taoist priest of the Shangqing Sect who is also a materia medica master, particularly emphasized the quality of Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit. "Collected Notes" " said: "The first one to come out of Korea today is fleshy and sweet and sour." Tao said that the one from Goryeo is the best. "Xinxiu" said "its leaves are as big as apricots, growing on the trees, and its seeds are like fallen sunflowers for making a house. "The Korean Magnoliavine Fruit", Mori Ritsuki's Bencao Jing Annotation" calls it the "Korean Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit" and describes its shape in detail: "The Korean Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit is grown in the palace garden today, and the leaves are like Apricot is also like Polygonum with wrinkles. In spring, buds will appear between the nodes of old vines, with four or five leaves clustered together. The flowers are as thick as kudzu, but the bulbs are not round and long, hanging down an inch or two. Green when raw and red when ripe, it dries in the sun and turns black." Judging from the place of origin and shape, it should be the authentic Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit Schisandra chinensis today.

In addition to Schisandra chinensis, other plants of the same genus are also used as Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit. This is what Su Song said: "There are several species, mostly similar, and the sweet ones are better." In order to highlight the authentic status of Schisandra chinensis, The name "Northern Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit" began to be used in Fang Shu of the Song Dynasty, such as Furen Daquan Liangfang and Renzhai Zhizhi. The most important one to note is Jiyan Beiju Fang written by Li Xun of the Song Dynasty. Specifically mentioned "True Northern Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit", and said: "The core is like a pig, kidney-shaped, the flesh is slightly black, and the bitter taste is real. Pick out the sticks, fry them, and use the core. It is like sand. The core of the orange is Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit, which is unusable." The so-called "True Northern Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit" is compared to "Pseudo Northern Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit" or "orange magnoliavine fruit". Such a name actually implies derogation. The Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit produced in the south means, or at least indicates that "orange magnoliavine fruit" was not a good product in the Song Dynasty.

Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit in the Ming Dynasty was officially divided into two types: north and south. Bencao Mengquan said: "North and south each have their own strengths, so don't mix them. wind-cold cough southWuwei It's strange that the north Wuwei is the best due to fatigue and fatigue." Bencao Gangmu said: "Wuwei is now divided into north and south. Those grown in the north are red in color, those grown in the north are black in color, and the ones grown in the north must be used when making tonics." The so-called "Northern grown" should be Schisandra chinensis, while the "Southern grown" is grown in the south, including Schisandra sphenanthera. The Schisandra genus is a variety of plants, and it may not necessarily be the original orange magnoliavine fruit used today.

As for the division of Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit into north and south, materia medica experts in the Ming and Qing dynasties generally have three views: (1) North and south Wuwei each have their own uses, as Bencao Mengquan said " The north and the south each have their own strengths." See the quotation above. Bencao Beiyao and Bencao Congxin all follow this statement. (2) The efficacy does not distinguish between north and south, but those produced in the north are better. For example, Benjing Fengyuan "The ones produced in Liaodong are better", Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao "The ones produced in the north are good." ”, Bencao Qiuzhen “The black and purple ones produced in the north are good”, etc. (3) Specially produced in the north, as Chen Shi-duo Bencao Xinbian said: "This medicine can be divided into northern and southern medicines. The northern medicine must be better, and the southern medicine cannot be used. The ancients said that the north and the south each have their own strengths. , wrong." There is no consensus among the three. As of late, the 2000 edition of Zhongguo Yaodian began to separate orange magnoliavine fruit from Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit. However, until the 2005 edition, the nature and flavor of the two Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit There is no difference in meridian tropism, functions and indications. They are all: "sour, sweet and warm. Returns to the lung, heart and kidney meridian. It astringes and fixes astringency, tonifying qi and producing fluid, nourishes the kidney and calms the heart. Used for chronic cough deficiency- type dyspnea, spontaneous seminal emission, enuresis, frequent urination, chronic diarrhea, spontaneous sweating, night sweat, thirst, shortness of breath, pulse deficiency, internal heat, consumptive thirst, palpitation insomnia." Although this seems to satisfy "one person, one person" However, in terms of clinical application, the classification of Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit varieties has become meaningless, and orange magnoliavine fruit may be eliminated in the long-term development.

【Evolution of Authentic】

Bencao Jing and Mingyi Bielu note that the origin of Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit is "Shengqishan Valley and Daijun", and the variety is unknown.

Tao Hong-jing divided Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit into several grades according to quality. "Collected Notes" says: "The first one is produced in Korea, which is fleshy and sweet and sour. The second one is produced in Qingzhou and Yizhou. The taste is too sour and its core is similar to pig kidney, and Jianping type has less meat, different core shape, bitter taste, and good taste." The species from Korea should be the current Schisandra chinensis, while the species from Qingzhou and Yizhou should be other plants of the same genus. As for Jianping Ping came from Wushan County in present-day Chongqing. According to the field investigation of "Commonly Used Chinese Materia Medica Variety Compilation and Quality Research", the plants used for Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit in Wushan are mainly Jinshan Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit Schisandra glaucescens Diels. One can be prepared explain.

"Xinxiu" says: "As soon as it comes out of Puzhou and Lantian Mountains", Puzhou is in Yongji County, Shanxi today, Lantian is in Shaanxi, Qianjin Yifang ﹒ "Yao Chu Tu" states that Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit was produced in Huazhou and He Zhongfu (LU1), which is consistent with the records in "Xinxiu". According to the late Tang and early Song Dynasties, the Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit produced in He Zhongfu (LU1) (Shanxi) seems to be particularly famous, according to "History of the Old Five Dynasties" "Book of Zhou" records that Hedong paid tribute to Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit, and "History of Song Dynasty" also states the same. "Kaibao" says: "Zhongfu (LU1) of Zhongfu River today paid tribute at the age of 10." According to "Yuanfeng Nine Regions Chronicles", the amount was fifty kilograms. . It is unknown whether this Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit produced in Shanxi is Schisandra chinensis. Considering that Schisandra chinensis was mainly produced in the territory of the Liao Dynasty and later the Jin Dynasty, although the Song and Liao (Jin) countries had trade with each other, after all, they were hostile during the time. If there are many, then the products produced in the river may only be expedient substitutes. This is also what Bencao Tujing said: "There are especially many in prefectures and counties in Henan and Shaanxi today, and also in Hangzhou and Yue", and "Zheng" The Chinese Magnoliavine Fruits in Guozhou, Yuezhou and Qinzhou shown in "Class" are all orange magnoliavine fruits, which are substitutes when "True Northern Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit" cannot be found.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there was no difficulty in the origin of Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit in the north, and the ones used were those from Liaodong. The "Ming Yitongzhi" records that Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit came from Liaodong, and the "Qing Yitongzhi" agrees, and adds: " "Shengjing Tongzhi": Today, it is found in Fengjin Prefecture and Wula." The recent "Drug Production Analysis" said: "Fengtian and Jilin are the two provinces with the highest production." In summary, (Northern) Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit has always been produced in Liaoji. It is better to produce, and orange magnoliavine fruit is just a substitute for Northern Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit in most cases. From the perspective of modern Zhongguo Yaodian, if orange magnoliavine fruit cannot be shown to be incompetent in chemical composition and pharmacological research, If it is replaced, it is likely to be eliminated, so it is not recommended to conduct more cultural research.