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Chinese Angelica is used today as the dry root of the Umbelliferae plant Chinese Angelica Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. It is cultivated everywhere. It is mainly produced in Minxian, Wudu, Zhangxian, Chengxian, Liangdang, Zhouqu, Gansu. Xihe, Weiyuan, Wenxian, Gangu and other places, among which Min County produces large quantities and high quality, is known as "Mingui". In addition, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Hubei also have output.

materia medica Research shows that medicinal Chinese Angelica has always been mainly Angelica sinensis from the Umbelliferae family. It was widely cultivated in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu during the Song and Ming Dynasties, and the ones produced in Shaanxi and Gansu are the most authentic. As for the "Liyang Chinese Angelica", "Du Chinese Angelica", "Tu Chinese Angelica", etc. that appeared in history, they are all substitutes for special periods or local areas, and are not mainstream medicinal uses.

[Variety review]

The medicinal use of Chinese Angelica was first recorded in Bencao Jing, and it is listed as a medium-grade product. The ancient name of Chinese Angelica is "蜜", "蜜, Shan Qi" in "Erya", Guo Pu notes: "Guang Ya said: Shan Qi, Chinese Angelica. Chinese Angelica is now like Qi but thicker." As for the reason why Chinese Angelica got its name , Chen Cheng Bencao Bieshuo explained: "For those with confused qi and blood, taking it will make it quenched. Even if the qi and blood have their own returns, they can be prepared for emergencies after childbirth and can be used to replenish deficiency and have quick effects. I am afraid that the sage will establish Chinese The name Angelica must have come from this." It may or may not be true. In ancient times, Chinese Angelica was probably like Miaowu and Pizhi. It was one of the herbs that poets sang about, and it took the meaning of thinking and returning, as in Cui Bao's " "Ancient and Modern Notes" says: "Wen Wu was given as a gift, and Wen Wu was also named Chinese Angelica." Using Chinese Angelica as a metaphor for Guilai (ST29) is not uncommon in literature, such as "Three Kingdoms". Wu Zhi﹒ "Tai Shi Ci Zhuan" says: "When Cao Gong heard his name, he sent Ci a letter and sealed it with a box. There was no way to save it, but to store Chinese Angelica." "Book of Jin﹒" "Five Elements Chronicles" says: "During the Taihe period of Wei Ming Emperor, Jiang Wei returned to Shu and lost his mother. The people of Wei asked his mother to write a handwritten call for Wei to rebel, and sent it to Chinese Angelica as an example. The Wei newspaper said: There are hundreds of hectares of fertile land, not even a single one. Mu, but see Milkwort Root, no Chinese Angelica." Another line in volume 7 of "The Legend of the Monk" says: "(Xuanzong) asked how big the country is, whether it is difficult to stay. He said: Luan Yu has traveled thousands of miles, and the country has come to an end. Ji. The emperor was surprised and asked why, but did not answer. He retreated with a small gold and said, "It will open when you reach Wanli." The emperor looked at it and covered it with a little Chinese Angelica. When he was riding in Lushan in disorder, he was lucky enough to be in Chengdu, and when he reached Wanli Bridge, he suddenly realized it. , the fruit will soon return." In these stories, Zhongdu (LR6) uses "Chinese Angelica" to express the meaning of return.

Since Chinese Angelica got its name from a metaphor, there are similar herbs called "Chinese Angelica" in various places. Bencao Jing Jizhu has revealed the confusion of varieties at that time: "Today's Taoyang, Longxi Blackwater Chinese Angelica, fleshy and few branches, fragrant, named Horsetail Chinese Angelica, slightly rare. Chinese Angelica in the north of Xichuan has many branches and thin. When it comes from Liyang, it is white in color and has a thin smell. It is called Chinese Angelica and is used in Que Shao period. In other words, the Fang family has Yunzhen Chinese Angelica. It is said that there are likes and dislikes." At least three kinds of Chinese Angelica are mentioned here, including Horsetail Chinese Angelica from Heishui, Chinese Angelica from northern Xichuan, and Cao Cao from Liyang. Chinese Angelica, among which "Liyang Chinese Angelica" produced in Anhui Province, although it had names such as "Grass Chinese Angelica" and "True Chinese Angelica" at the time, Tao Hong-jing was skeptical about its inherent quality. Bencao Jing Jizhu ﹒ "Prologue" specifically says: "As Jiangdong has come, there are many shortcuts for small miscellaneous medicines, and the strength and rationality are deficient in the country. If Jingyi is blocked, then all the Chinese Angelica and Qiantang Sanjian of Liyang will be used, how can it be similar. So the treatment of diseases "deficient" should be the reason for passing people."

Xinxiu Bencao also has a similar saying, but the description is slightly more detailed: "There are two kinds of Chinese Angelica seedlings, one of which looks like a large-leaf szechuan The lovage rhizome is similar to the szechuan lovage rhizome with thin leaves, but the stems and leaves are inferior to the szechuan lovage rhizome. Today it comes from Dangzhou, Danzhou, Yizhou and Songzhou, and Danzhou is the best. The one with thin leaves is called Chinese Angelica. The one with large leaves is named Horsetail Chinese Angelica, and the one with silkworm head is not as good as it, so we will not reuse it. Tao Hong-jing called the one with Li Yang as Chinese Angelica with silkworm head." The leaf shapes of Umbelliferae plants are very similar, so it is difficult to infer the species from a simple description. , the Chinese Angelica mentioned by Tao Hong-jing and Su Jing may include the genus Angelica, Liguticum, and even other genera containing essential oils in the Apiaceae family.

As for the Liyang Chinese Angelica mentioned by Tao Hong-jing and Su Jing, "Jiankang Ji" of the Southern Dynasties also said that "Chinese Angelica came out of Jiankang and was unusable." Liyang is today's Anhui Province and County, and it is still in Jiangsu and Folks in Anhui generally call the hogfennel root "Chinese Angelica". Therefore, this Chinese Angelica is probably the current hogfennel root Peucedanum decursivum (Miq.) Maxim.

Bencao Tujing says: "The seedlings grow in spring, with three green leaves. They bloom like Shiluo in July and August, with light purple color and black and yellow roots. Collect the roots in February and August and dry them in the shade. Then There are two kinds of seedlings, both are similar to szechuan lovage rhizome, but the leaves are different in size, and the stems are much lower than those of szechuan lovage rhizome. There are also two kinds of roots, the big leaves are called horsetail Chinese Angelica, and the thin leaves are called silkworm head Chinese Angelica." According to " The medicinal picture of Chinese Angelica in Wenzhou (now Wenxian County, Gansu Province) attached to "Zheng Class" (Figure 1) should be the Chinese Angelica Angelica sinensis, a plant in the Umbelliferae family used today, while the Chuzhou Chinese Angelica seems to be the purple-flowered hogfennel root. (Picture 2)

As late as the Song Dynasty, Chinese Angelica has been cultivated in Sichuan. Bencao Yanyi said: "The new book "Illustrations" calls Chinese Angelica celery, the name of the plant on the flat land. Celery, the thick one that grows in the mountains is called Chinese Angelica. If so, today Sichuan and Sichuan all use flat land as border seed, especially fat and fat meat. The difference between flat land and mountains is not the same, but the ones that are fat and not dry are better. Today's doctors use this one Plant to win." Chinese Angelica was planted more in Sichuan and Shaanxi in the Ming Dynasty. Bencao Gangmu mentioned: "Today, people in Shaanxi, Shu, Qinzhou, and Wenzhou mostly plant it for goods, and Qin Guitou Those with round, purple-colored tails, fragrant and plump smell are called Mawei Gui, which is the best. Those with large heads, thick tails, white colors, and hard dryness are called Greedy Tou Gui, and they should be treated with divergent medicine." The quality mentioned here The best ponytails are the same as those used today.

Except as mentioned before, due to the division of the north and the south during the Six Dynasties, Chinese Angelica, which was mainly produced in the north, was replaced with the purple hogfennel root from Anhui due to source difficulties, and was called "Liyang Chinese Angelica". Chinese Angelica: "In the mountains and fields of Shengmi County, the seedlings are about one foot tall, with round stems and rhizomes, and leaves like mountain wildcelery herb. The leaves are hard with fine serrated thorns on the edges, and they are also like atractylodes rhizome. The leaves are large. , every three leaves grow in one place, with yellow flowers, and the root is like a hogfennel root, and like a wild carrot root. Its leaves are sweet." Under the treatment of this product, Zhu Xiao said: "Today, when people encounter Chinese Angelica deficiency, Replace it with this medicine." This substitute for Chinese Angelica may be the Umbelliferae plant Sanicula chinensis Bge. According to Mr. Xie Zongwan's "Chinese materia medica variety discussion", this plant is recorded in Guizhou Libo and Pingtang are called wild Chinese Angelica.

Bencao Gangmu There is Chinese Angelica in Volume 13. There is no content in the collection section, but Li Shi-zhen under the Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root section has a note saying: "Recently, there is a kind of Chinese Angelica in the world. Chinese Angelica is about a foot long, with white flesh and black skin, and its qi is also fragrant, such as dahurian angelica root qi. People also call it water dahurian angelica root, which is filled with Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root." Combined with the Chinese Angelica medicine picture drawn, its original The plant should be Araliaceae Chinese Angelica, or Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root Aralia cordata Thunb. In addition, the situation of Chinese Angelica in books such as Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao Bencao Gangmu Shiyi is more complicated. Mr. Chen Chongming and Huang Shengbai have special discussions in "material medica", which you can refer to.

[Authentic History]

Gansu has been an authentic area of ​​Chinese Angelica since ancient times. Bencao Jing said: "Chinese Angelica was born in Longxi Sichuan Valley", and "Fan Zijiran" also said: " "Chinese Angelica comes from Longxi, and those who have no dryness are good." The second volume of "Biography of Immortals" also says that the pictures of Longxi people and mountains "serve rehmannia root, Chinese Angelica, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, Lightyellow Sophora Root powder". The term "Longxi" in the literature generally refers to Longxi, which is located in and around today's Dingxi City, Gansu Province. "Wu Pu materia medica" mentions that Chinese Angelica "may grow in Qiang and Hu lands", and "Liang Shu" "Zhu Yi Zhuan" says: "In the fourth year of Tianjian, Wang Liang Mibo (of Dangchang Kingdom) came to offer Liquorice Root and Chinese Angelica." Dangchang is now Min County under the jurisdiction of Dingxi City, Gansu Province, and is still the authentic production area of ​​Chinese Angelica. .

The production areas of Chinese Angelica in the Tang Dynasty were concentrated in Gansu and Sichuan. Among them, the prefectures and counties under the jurisdiction of Jiannan Road produced especially Chinese Angelica. Comprehensive Xinxiu Bencao Qianjin Yifang Tongdian "Tang Liudian", "Yuanhe County Map", "New Tang Book" and other records, Maozhou, Yizhou, Weizhou, Songzhou, Dangzhou, Xizhou and Jingzhou of Jiannan Road , Zhezhou, Gongzhou and other 9 states all paid tribute to Chinese Angelica. In the Tang Dynasty, Jiannan Road was centered in Chengdu, covering most of today's Sichuan Province, as well as part of Yunnan, Guizhou and Wenxian County in Gansu Province. Such a large-scale Chinese Angelica production may be related to what Kou Zong-shi said about Chinese Angelica in the plains. It is related to the success of planting, and of course it also paved the way for people in the Song Dynasty to say that "the one in Shu wins" (Su Song language), but at least in the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Danzhou (now Danchang County, Gansu Province) of Longyou Road. It is still the real estate area of ​​Chinese Angelica, which is the "best place in Danzhou" as stated in "Xinxiu".

Bencao Tujing In addition to specializing in drawings of Wenzhou Chinese Angelica medicine, he also mentioned: "Today, all counties in Sichuan, Shu, Shaanxi, Jiangning Prefecture, and Chuzhou have it, and the one in Sichuan is the winner. "The ancient name of Heishui County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province is "Dangzhou". According to Volume 81 of "Taiping Huanyu Ji", "it is named after the Chinese Angelica found in the prefecture", which is the same as "Yu Di Guang Ji". Volume 64 of "Sichuan Guangji" says: "Chinese Angelica is grown in the Sichuan and Sichuan regions. It is fat and fat, and is not equal to the flatlands and mountains." Large-scale artificial cultivation should be the reason why Sichuan Chinese Angelica became mainstream in the Song Dynasty.

"Pin Hui Jing Yao" confers the theories of previous generations under the Chinese Angelica doctrine, without any invention. Bencao Mengquan says: "The two kingdoms of Qin and Shu were born", and goes on to say "The strength of Sichuan Gui is strong and meritorious, while the strength of Qin Gui is soft and can be supplemented." This means that the products from Sichuan and Gansu have their own characteristics. Bencao Gangmu named Qin Gui's best person Mawei Gui, thinking that "the best place is the best".

"Drug Output Identification" says: "Chinese Angelica is most common in Shaanxi Han Zhongfu (LU1), Xing'an County Xigu, etc." According to this, it may not be true. According to the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), Shaanxi Xijing City (Xi'an City) The Chinese Angelica, Chinese Angelica Tablets, and Chinese Angelica origins in the "Rules of Medicinal Materials" of the National Pharmaceutical Trade Association all record "Sichuan, Gansu and other places", without mentioning Chinese Angelica in Shaanxi Province. Therefore, the Chinese Angelica used in the past dynasties is indeed the best in Gansu and Sichuan provinces along the Minshan Mountains, especially Minxian and Wenxian in Gansu.