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Common Aucklandia Root is the dry root of the Asteraceae plant Common Aucklandia Root Aucklandia lappa Decne., common vladimiria root is the Asteraceae plant common vladimiria root Vladimiria souliei (Franch.) Ling or gray-haired common vladimiria root Vladimiria souliei (Franch.) Ling var. The dry root of cinerea Ling, slender dutchman's pipe root Zhongguo Yaodian is not included in the 2005 edition, and is the dry root of the Dutohmanspipe Fruit family plant Dutohmanspipe Fruit Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc. Common Aucklandia Root is native to India and Myanmar, hence the name "Common Aucklandia Root". It was successfully introduced in Ludian, Lijiang, Yunnan Province in the 1930s, so the product is also called "Common Aucklandia Root", based on the output in Lijiang area and Diqing Prefecture of Yunnan Province. It is relatively large and is also cultivated in Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Guangxi, Guangdong, Tibet and other provinces and regions. Common vladimiria root is named after its origin in Sichuan. It is mainly produced in Songpan County, Aba Prefecture, Garze Prefecture, Baoxing, Lushan, Ya'an, Xichang, Liangshan Prefecture and other places in Sichuan. It is also produced in Tibet. Slender dutchman's pipe root has been discontinued because it contains Dutohmanspipe Fruit acid, which can cause kidney failure.

materia medica Research believes that from Bencao Jing Jizhu to before the Ming Dynasty, Common Aucklandia Root was often called slender dutchman's pipe root, but its original plant was still Aucklandia lappa, so the plant was It is native to China and mainly relies on imports, so there have been several confusing products and substitutes. Dutohmanspipe Fruit Family Aristolochia debilis was originally called the native slender dutchman's pipe root. Judging from the name, it should be a substitute for slender dutchman's pipe root, but starting from the Ming Dynasty This plant replaced the Asteraceae slender dutchman's pipe root and became the authentic one. The former Asteraceae slender dutchman's pipe root was renamed Common Aucklandia Root, or also known as Common Aucklandia Root or Common Aucklandia Root. As for the common vladimiria root used today, it is a confusing product of Common Aucklandia Root, which is not recorded in the ancient materia medica. Due to the shortage of common Aucklandia Root medicinal sources in later generations, it gradually became the genuine product.

【Variety Research】

Bencao Jing Common Aucklandia Root is said to be "born in Yongchang Valley". Yongchang is now the Baoshan area of ​​Yunnan, because the Common Aucklandia Root Aucklandia lappa used today has no wild varieties in Yunnan. According to the description of Xinxiu Bencao, Mr. Huang Shengbai identified the Common Aucklandia Root of Bencao Jing Bielu as Inula Root Inula helenium L. of the Asteraceae family. The main basis for this is Wu Qijun's statement that "the medicines mentioned in Benjing are not produced by foreign countries", that is, the medicines mentioned in Bencao Jing are all produced in this country. However, in fact, this reason has often been Can't afford to scrutinize. Taking rhinoceros horn as an example, Bencao Jing also said that "it was born in Yongchang Valley", and according to "Shuowen", "Rhino is a foreign ox in the south." "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" "He Di Ji" says: "In the first month of the spring of the sixth year of Yongyuan, Yongchang sent envoys to foreign barbarians to translate and present rhinos." Obviously Bencao Jing's rhinoceros horn came from outside the territory, and Yongchang was just a port of entry. The same is likely true for the Common Aucklandia Root, which is also recorded as having originated in the Evergreen Valley.

We do not accept Bencao Jing that the Common Aucklandia Root is the genus Inula or the genus Vladimiria is the common Aucklandia Root in western Vietnam, but we do not think that the Common Aucklandia Root in the early literature must be the present-day Common Aucklandia Root. After all, Aucklandia lappa is a herbaceous plant with a height of 1-2 meters. It is difficult to imagine that it was named "wood" by the ancients. We doubt that the "Common Aucklandia" imported from Yongchang in the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties "Root" is actually today's Daphneaceae plant Chinese Eaglewood Wood Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.

1. Judging from the alias, Common Aucklandia Root Bielu is "a honey fragrance". According to Sun Xingyan's collection Bencao Jing, it is said that Bao Ke's "Taiping" "Yu Lan" is called "a Japanese raisin tree seed fragrance." According to "honey fragrance", "japanese raisin tree seed fragrance" or "japanese raisin tree seed fragrance" in most Wei and Jin Dynasty documents, Zhongdu (LR6) is an alias for Chinese Eaglewood Wood. For example, Volume 3 of "Beihu Lu" quotes Yang Fu's "Jiaozhou Foreign Objects": "If you want to get the fragrance of honey, cut off its roots first. If the outer skin is rotten over time, and the center and joints are hard and black, if you put it in water, it will sink. This is called Chinese Eaglewood Wood." Volume 49 of "Fayuan Zhulin" quotes "Foreign Objects Chronicles" as saying: "Japanese raisin tree seed is called the fragrant tree. It is a thousand years old and has a very big root. Cut it down first, and then look at it when it is four or five years old. It will take a long time. "The roots of the tree are evil and corrupt, but the middle section is firm and fragrant." Volume 982 of "Yu Lan" quotes "japanese raisin tree seed". According to its description, they all refer to Chinese Eaglewood Wood or plants of the same genus, and have nothing to do with Common Aucklandia Root.
2. In the literature of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, "Common Aucklandia Root" was also an alias for Chinese Eaglewood Wood. Volume 49 of "Fayuan Zhulin" quoted "Nanzhou Foreign Objects" as saying: "Common Aucklandia Root came out of Japan and wanted to take it. First cut down the broken tree, and it has been lying on the ground for a long time, and the outside is white and rotten. The one who is strong in the heart will sink in the water, and it is called Chinese Eaglewood Wood." Volume 5 of "Book of Liang"
3. Volume 78 of "Southern History" is called Chinese Eaglewood. Wood is "Shen Common Aucklandia Root".
4. The "Nanzhou Foreign Objects Chronicles" cited in "Fayuan Zhulin" was written by Wan Zhen, a Wu man during the Three Kingdoms period. Judging from the extant lost documents, the book contains both Common Aucklandia Root and slender dutchman's pipe root (citation details below) ), obviously the author of the book does not think that the two are the same thing.

It is doubtful whether the Common Aucklandia Root in Bencao Jing is Chinese Eaglewood Wood, but from Bencao Jing Jizhu onwards, Common Aucklandia Root has been called It is "slender dutchman's pipe root", and there is a Chinese Eaglewood Wood strip, and the variety confusion of Common Aucklandia Root also started. Tao Hong-jing said: "This is the slender dutchman's pipe root. Yongchang will no longer pay tribute. Now they are all imported from foreign countries. They are from the Yun Da Qin State. It has been used to treat poisonous swelling and eliminate malignant qi. It has been proven that today they all use Hexiang. It is not used for medicinal purposes. It is only used to make wormwood pills. It can often be boiled for bathing and is good for the ears." Why Common Aucklandia Root is called "slender dutchman's pipe root" is still unknown. Perhaps it is to distinguish it from the former Common Aucklandia Root. Aucklandia Root, but from then on, until the Ming Dynasty, Common Aucklandia Root and slender dutchman's pipe root were lumped together without distinction in the material medica family Zhongdu (LR6). However, when examining the existing medical prescriptions from the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Tao said that slender dutchman's pipe root was "all used as incense and not for medicinal purposes." This is indeed true. At that time, slender dutchman's pipe root was mostly used in combination with chicken tongue, Chinese Eaglewood Wood, musk, etc., and was used externally to treat armpit. odor et al. This kind of slender dutchman's pipe root has been recorded before Tao. Volume 49 of "Fayuan Zhulin" quoted "Nanzhou Foreign Objects" as saying: "The slender dutchman's pipe root comes out of Tianzhu and is a grass root, shaped like Liquorice Root." "Certificate" has the same citation. Here, for the first time, it is clear that slender dutchman's pipe root is a herb. "Like Liquorice Root" should be used to describe the thick and nearly lignified taproot of Aucklandia lappa.

However, it should be pointed out that although the slender dutchman's pipe root described in "Nanzhou Foreign Objects" is close to the Common Aucklandia Root, it is a foreign object after all. Most literature still does not understand its name, so there are many Legend, here are a few examples: Volume 49 of "Fayuan Zhulin" quotes Xu Zhong's "Nanfang Ji": "The slender dutchman's pipe root came out of Tiandu country, and its shape is unknown." Or it can be said that all the fragrances are from one tree, and its flowers are Chicken tongue is fragrant, the gum is smoked land incense, the knots are slender dutchman's pipe root, the root is sandalwood, the leaves are Cablin Patchouli Herb, and the heart is Chinese Eaglewood Wood, see Yu Yiqi and Han Kangbo's notes. What's more, it is said that all the incense is always one incense, which is the slender dutchman's pipe root. For example, "Shuo Yong" Volume 98 quotes "Three Holes Pearl Bag" as saying: "Five incense, one plant has five roots, one stem has five branches, and one branch Five leaves, five nodes between each leaf, five and five are opposite each other, so the sages called the five-scented wood, and after burning it for ten days, it reaches the sky with nine stars. It is also the slender dutchman's pipe root." This theory was also adopted by Su SongBencao Tujing was once criticized by Wang Anguo. See Volume 8 of "Xuelin", which will not be quoted. Although there are different opinions, the slender dutchman's pipe root in the Northern and Southern Dynasties came from outside the region and was not confused with the native plants in the slightest.

Slender dutchman's pipe root was very commonly used in the Tang Dynasty. More than a hundred prescriptions in Waitai Miyao used slender dutchman's pipe root. "Xinxiu" says: "There are two kinds of them. Those who come from Kunlun (BL60) are better, and those who come from Xihu are not good. The leaves are like Japanese dock roots and grow, and the flowers are like chrysanthemum flowers. They are strong and yellow and black, and they are also found in the place." "Four Tones Materia Medica" says: " The function of the slender dutchman's pipe root is the same as this (referring to Common Aucklandia Root)." It is also said: "The Kunlun (BL60) came on the ship, and the shape was like a dry bone." It seems that until the Tang Dynasty, Common Aucklandia Root had always relied on imports, according to "New "Xiu" says that there are two sources, one is from Kunlun (BL60), but where exactly Kunlun (BL60) refers to, various schools have different opinions. According to "Yu Lan" Volume 789, Kunlun (BL60) is cited in "Nan" by Guo Tiao. "Yi Zhi" says: "The king of Kunlun (BL60) went north to the Xi'er River for eighty-one miles, and the elephant and the slender dutchman's pipe root appeared." According to Tang Yijing's "Nanhai Jigui Zhuan" and Hui Lin's "All Sutras Sound and Meaning", this Kunlun (BL60) Guodeng is one of the countries in Southeast Asia. Another origin of slender dutchman's pipe root is Xihu. Xihu roughly refers to the area of ​​present-day Afghanistan and Iran. This is consistent with "Sui Shu". "The Biography of the Western Regions" records that Persia produces "slender root, Turmeric Root Tuber, Suhe, Qingmu and other incense" which is consistent with each other. From the distribution point of view, both imported slender dutchman's pipe root may be genuine Common Aucklandia Root Aucklandia lappa.

It is worth noting Su Jing's description of the (green) Common Aucklandia Root plant: "The leaves grow like a Japanese dock root, and the flowers are like a chrysanthemum flower. They are strong and yellow and black, and they are also there." Mr. Huang Shengbai believes accordingly. It is Inula Root Inula helenium of the genus Inula flower of the Asteraceae family. The theory is not bad, but whether this is the authentic Common Aucklandia Root from the Tang Dynasty is quite debatable. Inula helenium is widely distributed, and as Su Jing said, "it is found wherever it is found." If this species were genuine Common Aucklandia Root or slender dutchman's pipe root, it would not have been separated by thousands of miles by sea or from the Six Dynasties until the Tang Dynasty. Imported by land. Therefore, we believe that the plant described by Su Jing was actually just one of the substitutes or confusing products of the Common Aucklandia Root at that time. It happened that the root of this species also had a spicy smell, so it was misidentified by Su Jing. This fallacy continued until the Song Dynasty. Shu Bencao said: "It is planted in the garden today. The flowers are yellow, the seedlings are three or four feet high, and the leaves are eight or nine inches long, wrinkled and soft." This is undoubtedly true. It's Inula Root. Kou Zong-shi once saw this kind of plant with his own eyes. After describing the function of Common Aucklandia Root, "Yanyi" said: "Another one, I tasted it coming from Minzhou, and the slender dutchman's pipe root was born, and the leaves returned to Xiluo. Like burdock, but long and narrow, the stems are three or four feet high, the flowers are yellow, like money, and the root is a slender dutchman's pipe root. It is extremely spicy when chewed raw, especially moving qi." This of course also refers to Inula Root, but "Yan" In "Yi", Kou Zong-shi uses "yet another" to stir up the topic, which shows that he is different from regular users.

In the Tang Dynasty, Inula helenium was not only called (green) Common Aucklandia Root, but also the root of Dutohmanspipe Fruit was passed off as (green) Common Aucklandia Root. In the early Tang Dynasty, Dutohmanspipe Fruit root was still named "slender dutchman's pipe root" , "Xinxiu" Caobu lower grade new medicine single line root strips say: "vines, leaves like romaine, and its seeds are like peaches and plums. When withered, the heads are opened in four directions and hang on the grass and trees. Its roots are flat and long, called Kudzuvine Root." , also like the fourstamen stephania root, which grows beside the ancient embankment city and is called slender dutchman's pipe root in the south of Shannan. It has the effect of treating boil and sore swelling and is also called the pipe root." This is Aristolochia debilis, so it is called "slender dutchman's pipe root". "pipe root" is still far away from the slender dutchman's pipe root, but around the late Tang Dynasty, according to the "Biebenzhu" cited in the Common Aucklandia Root article in "Kaibao" it says: "The leaves are like a branch but the root is large, the flowers are purple, and the effect is There are a lot of them, and they are used for medicine. Tao Yun is not used for medicinal purposes, so that’s not true.” This means that the Dutohmanspipe Fruit root can be regarded as the authentic (green) Common Aucklandia Root.

Of course, the mainstream literature from the Song Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty still insisted on the boundary between the Asteraceae "slender dutchman's pipe root" and the Dutohmanspipe Fruit family "slender dutchman's pipe root". For example, Bencao Tujing said: " There are also those with leaves like potato and purple flowers. The roots and buds are picked at any time and the month is used as medicine. The ones with the shape of dry bones are good. There is also a kind of soil called slender dutchman's pipe root in the Jianghuai region, which is not suitable for medicinal use." "Tongzhi" Volume 75 says: "The lone line root is called Yunnan root, which is called Duolinggen. Shannan people call it soil slender dutchman's pipe root, but it is actually called Madouling." Jiuhuang Bencao says: "Madouling, one It is called Yunnan root, also known as native slender dutchman's pipe root. It can be found in Guanzhong, Xinzhou, Chuzhou, Hedong, Hebei, Jianghuai, Kui, and Zhezhou counties, and it can also be found in Gaofu today."

Although Su Song said that the soil slender dutchman's pipe root is not suitable for medicinal use, and the medicinal pictures of Haizhou slender dutchman's pipe root and Chuzhou slender dutchman's pipe root in "Zheng Lei" are actually the soil slender dutchman's pipe root, that is, Dutohmanspipe Fruit, (Figure 1 ) As for the Common Aucklandia Root in Guangzhou being painted as an inexplicable woody plant, (Figure 2) certainly shows that Su Song has never seen the original plant of Common Aucklandia Root Aucklandia lappa, but it also implies that Su Song does not agree with what "Xinxiu" said. The kind of Asteraceae Inula Root Inula helenium. Although Bencao Bieshuo criticized Su Song and said: "Common Aucklandia Root comes from foreign countries now, that is, slender dutchman's pipe root. Tao said that it is derived from the grass root, and Bencao Tujing I> The one recorded in Guangzhou is wood. The one recorded in Chuzhou and Haizhou is Dutohmanspipe Fruit root, which is the common name of this mountain town. It is different in treating cold and heat." But these medicinal pictures have been Dutohmanspipe Fruit for later generations. Root as a genuine slender dutchman's pipe root planted the root of the disaster.

The differentiation of Common Aucklandia Root and slender dutchman's pipe root began in the Ming Dynasty. "Pin Hui Jing Yao" Volume 7 is above the top grade of grass. Common Aucklandia Root and slender dutchman's pipe root have one each. Common Aucklandia Root belongs to the tree of grass. , it is said to be from "Shen Nong Benjing", and the medicinal pictures are taken from Guangzhou Common Aucklandia Root in "Zheng Lei"; slender dutchman's pipe root belongs to grass. Although the text is titled "Recorded by Famous Doctors", it actually comes from "Treatise on Medicinal Property", the medicinal diagrams use Haizhou slender dutchman's pipe root and Chuzhou slender dutchman's pipe root from "Zheng Lei". "Pin Hui Jing Yao" was not officially circulated in the Ming Dynasty, so its influence was limited. However, the later Bencao Mengquan also used Common Aucklandia Root and slender dutchman's pipe root in each article, and Chen Jia-mo also published it in The article on Dutohmanspipe Fruit clearly states: "The root name is slender dutchman's pipe root, which is also a qi-dispersing medicine." Bencao Gangmu said: "Common Aucklandia Root is a grass, and its real name is honey-flavored, because of its aroma like Honey. Because the Chinese Eaglewood Wood has the fragrance of honey, it was called Common Aucklandia Root. The ancients called it the slender dutchman's pipe root, and later generations called the Dutohmanspipe Fruit the slender dutchman's pipe root, so they called it the southern Common Aucklandia Root. Common Aucklandia Root to distinguish it, people today call a kind of rose Common Aucklandia Root, which makes it even more confusing." From then on, Dutohmanspipe Fruit family Aristolochia debilis became the authentic product of slender dutchman's pipe root, and it has been used since Tao Hong-jing The Aucklandia lappa called slender dutchman's pipe root is called Common Aucklandia Root, Common Aucklandia Root, or Common Aucklandia Root.

After all, Aucklandia lappa is not native to China, and from literature analysis, it seems that it was not introduced before the 20th century. The two confused products that once appeared, Dutohmanspipe Fruit and slender dutchman's pipe root Aristolochia debilis may have been discovered. Due to its unique activity, Li Dai Tao has become the authentic product of slender dutchman's pipe root, while Inula Root Inula helenium continues to exist as a substitute for the real Common Aucklandia Root. According to Mr. Zhao Huang's "Qizhou Medicine Chronicle" report, during the Republic of China Farmers in the western suburbs of Qizhou still cultivate it and sell it as slender dutchman's pipe root or "Qi Common Aucklandia Root". Mr. Zhao calls it "Inula Root".

As for the origin of common vladimiria root Vladimiria souliei, which is rather strange, the Common Aucklandia Root article in Chen Renshan's "Drug Production and Analysis" mentioned: "It is produced in Sichuan, named common vladimiria root, and has a light and clear taste." In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940) The "Rules of Medicinal Materials" of Shaanxi Xijing (Xi'an) Traditional Chinese Medicine Trade Association does have an article about common vladimiria root, but it is unknown whether this must be Vladimiria souliei or its variant Vladimiria souliei var. cinerea. According to Mr. Xie Zongwan, in the 1960s, due to the shortage of common Aucklandia Root medicine, substitutes were widely searched for. In the Yuexi area of ​​Sichuan, several plants such as Common Aucklandia Root Vladimiria denticulate Ling and other plants of the Asteraceae family were discovered, which can be used as Common Aucklandia Root medicine. , collectively known as "Vietnam Common Aucklandia Root", it was against this background that common vladimiria root was included in the 1963 edition of Zhongguo Yaodian and has been used to this day.

[Authentic History]

From the discussion of the variety item, it can be seen that since Bencao Jing Jizhu, the authentic Common Aucklandia Root should be Aucklandia lappa of the Asteraceae family. This plant is not native to China. , there is no such thing as authentic in China. In the 1930s, overseas Chinese obtained Common Aucklandia Root seeds from India and successfully introduced them in Ludian, Lijiang, Yunnan, which is the main production area of ​​modern Common Aucklandia Root. Common vladimiria root is mainly produced in Sichuan. It has a short history of becoming a genuine medicinal product and is not widely used in clinical applications. Slender dutchman's pipe root began to use Dutohmanspipe Fruit root as the authentic product in the Ming Dynasty. After the 2000s, it has been discontinued because the Dutohmanspipe Fruit acid contained in it can cause kidney failure.