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Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root is used today as the dried rhizome and root of Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T.Chang or Broad-leaved Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root Notopterygium forbesii Boiss. Generally speaking, those from Sichuan are called Sichuan Qiang, which are mainly produced in Songpan, Maoxian, Lixian, Xiaojin, Nanping, Pingwu and Tengchong of Yunnan. Those from the northwest are called Xiqiang, which are mainly produced in Tianzhu, Gansu and other places. Minxian, Linxia, ​​Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, Tianshui, and Qinghai Haibei, Huangnan, Hainan, Hualong, Huzhu, Xunhua and other places. Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root Medicinal materials are divided into silkworm Qiang, Tiao Qiang, Bamboo Qiang, Datou Qiang, etc. It is customary to use silkworm Qiang as the best. The Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root used today is the dried root of Chinese Angelica Angelica pubescens Maxim.f.biserrata Shan et Yuan of the same family. This product is commonly known as Sichuan Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root. It is mainly produced in Fengjie, Wuxi and Wushan of Chongqing, Dujiangyan of Sichuan, Badong, Changyang, Hefeng, Wufeng, Xingshan, Shennongjia, Fangshan, Zhushan, Zhuxi of Hubei, Ankang of Shaanxi, etc. , In addition, it is also cultivated in Minxian, Tianshui and other places in Gansu.

Materia medica Research believes that: Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root was once used as an alias of Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root in Shennong Bencao Jing. In the Tang Dynasty, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root began to be officially independent of Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica in terms of efficacy. Root. It is certain that starting from Bencao Jing Jizhu, the Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root referred to in the literature almost without exception refers to plants of the genus Notopterygium. Judging from the name, Bencao Jing mentioned Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root is known as the "Essential Protector of Qiang", so it is known that its original place of production is at the junction of Qinghai and Gansu. The history of Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root produced in Sichuan can also be traced back to the Han Dynasty. At the latest, in the Tang Dynasty, Sichuan Garze and Aba Autonomous Regions officially became Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root's authentic production areas, which has been followed to this day. Although the ancient Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root was mainly derived from Apiaceae plants, the varieties were very confusing. Today, the Chinese Angelica Angelica pubescens Maxim.f.biserrata Shan et Yuan is used, which is approximately Bencao Tujing "Maozhou Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root" in. From the perspective of origin history, in the Tang Dynasty, Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root from the northwest was considered authentic, but since the Song Dynasty, Sichuan has become the main production area of ​​Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root. The medicinal material is also called "Sichuan Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root".

[Variety review]

Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root and Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root were regarded by doctors in the Han Dynasty as one thing, and Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root was an alias of Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, Bencao Jing Cloud: "Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, an Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, a Qiang Qing, and a Qiang Protector." and Root, Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root to distinguish. Bencao Jing Jizhu said: "The counties and counties in this state are all Qiang land. Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root are thin and knotty in shape, soft and moist, and have a very strong breath. Coming out of Xichuan in the north of Yizhou is Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root. , slightly white in color, large in shape, similar in use, but not as small as it is. One of its stems stands alone and is not shaken by the wind, so it is named Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root." To sum up, the characteristics of Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root are that it is the main product In the Qiang region (now Gansu), the medicinal materials are soft, oily and knotty, with a strong fragrance. Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root comes from Sichuan. It is lighter in color, soft and fat, has a weak smell, and the plant grows solitary.

The Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root described by Dow is very close to the characteristics of the current Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root commercial medicinal material "Silk Qiang". The original plant of Silk Qiang is mainly Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root Notopterygium incisum, which has a higher volatile oil content. , which is consistent with the "extremely violent breath" mentioned in "Collected Commentary". As for the Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root that Dow calls, based on the analysis of medicinal properties and plant characteristics, it may be a plant of the genus Heracleum of the Apiaceae family, or what is later known as the Oxtail Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root.

However, it must be noted that although Tao Hong-jing distinguished Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root based on medicinal properties, he did not have enough understanding of the difference in clinical efficacy between the two. He only felt that Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root was medicinal. property is just more powerful than Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root. For example, Bencao Jing Jizhu under the "General Medicine for All Diseases", under the general medicine for treating wind and dental diseases, only Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root is listed, but there is no Incised Notopterygium Rhizome. and Root. Since Dow regarded Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root as Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, there was not much difference when doctors in the Tang Dynasty used Qiang and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root in their medical prescriptions. According to statistics, Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root was used in Shanghan Zabing Lun "One Hundred Sides of the Cube" Xiaopin Fang Liujuanzi Guiyi Fang "Shen Su Fang" There are 33 prescriptions, but only 4 mention Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root. It can be seen that Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root were not really differentiated before the Tang Dynasty. The "Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root" used in Fang Shu actually includes Various plants of the Apiaceae family including Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root.

It is no different from Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root in the Han and Jin Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty medical prescriptions, not only the usage of Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root are different, such as Qianjin Yaofang There are Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root decoction, Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root wine, Pubescent Angelica and Taxillus Decoction with Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root as the main ingredient, and Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root with Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root as the main ingredient. Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root soup, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root soup, etc., and there are also some prescriptions for Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root. The later "Medicinal Property Theory" discussed the properties and taste effects of Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root respectively. Apparently, since the Tang Dynasty, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root have been officially differentiated into two medicines.

In the Song DynastyZhenglei Bencao, although the old theory was still used, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root were still regarded as two things, but the book quoted Bencao Tujing The discussion is very important. "Illustrations" says:

Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, which came out of Yongzhou Sichuan Valley or Longxi and Nan'an, and those who came out of Shuhan today are the best. The seedlings grow in spring, with leaves like green flax. They bloom in clusters in June, either yellow or purple. When they are fruitful, yellow leaves grow on rocks, while green leaves grow in soil veins. This grass does not sway when the wind blows, and it moves automatically when there is no wind, so it is called the single swaying grass. Collect the roots in February and August and dry them for use. Benjing The two things are of the same type. Today, the purple and dense one is called Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, and the yellow and lumpy one is Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root. According to Tao Yin-ju, Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root grows in the northern part of Yizhou, Xichuan. It is slightly white in color and large in shape, and is similar to Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root. There is a large Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root in Sichuan today, which is similar to platycodon root and large. The smell is not similar to Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root. It is slightly cold and less effective when used. Now there is Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, which also comes from Sichuan. Its shape is similar to Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root. It is slightly yellow and very large. When it is harvested, it will break apart. When dried, the smell is also fragrant. It is less similar to Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root. Those who have the Qi of Sophora japonica leaves are using it now in Beijing, and it is very effective, so they think it is the real one. However, people in the city may choose the larger one of Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root as Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, but they are not suitable. There are generally two types of this plant. The one in Xichuan is yellow and smells like honey, and the one in Longxi is purple. People in Qinlong call it Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root in front of the mountain. The ancient prescription only used Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, but the current prescription uses both Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root and Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, which is absurd.

Bencao Tujing Painted with Fengxiangfu Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, Maozhou Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, Wenzhou Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, Wenzhou Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, Ninghua Military Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root 5 medicinal pictures, combined with Su Song's description, Maozhou Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root is quite close to the genuine Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root used today Chinese Angelica Angelica pubescens Maxim.f.biserrata Shan et Yuan, (pictured) 1) Wenzhou Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root seems to be a plant of the Chinese Angelica genus (Angelica L.), or Chinese Angelica Angelica pubescens Maxim. As for Fengxiangfu Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, it seems to be a plant of the genus Chinese Lovage (Ligusticum L.). Wenzhou Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root can be identified as Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root Notopterygium incisum from the medicinal map (Figure 2). As for Ninghuajun Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, it can also be determined that it is an Apiaceae plant. Therefore, based on the analysis of variety sources, the original plants of Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root medicinal materials in the Song Dynasty are basically consistent with the varieties used today.

It is worth noting that since the differentiation of Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root in the Tang Dynasty, clinicians have attached great importance to the difference in efficacy between the two. Generally speaking, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root is used for releasing exterior. For expelling wind and eliminating dampness, use Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root. For upper body pain, use Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root. For lower body pain, use Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root. However, most material medica experts stick to the old theory and treat Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root as two things. For example, Su Song said: "In ancient times, Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root was used, but now, Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root is used. And use Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root." Chen Jia-mo said: "Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root Benjing are the same species and there is no distinction between them, so they are not two things. Exactly." Li Shi-zhen said: "Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root are two species of the same thing." Rihuazi Bencao even said: "Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root should be Incised Notopterygium Rhizome. and Root mother species." These conservative discussions ignore the variety differences between Qiang and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, and sow the seeds of confusion between the two living species in later generations.

【Authentic History】

The Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root from the Qiang region is named Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, Bencao Jing is a "Qiang Protector", Bielu A "Messenger of King Hu". The so-called "envoys to protect Qiang" should refer to the envoys of the Han Dynasty's "protecting Qiang captains". According to "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" "The Biography of the Western Qiang" "Place a captain to protect the Qiang and lead them with integrity", and "King Hu" should refer to the Xiongnu, and "King Hu's envoy" is the envoy of the Qiang and Hu. From this, we know that this kind of independent (Qiang) life mainly grows in At that time, the Han and Qiang bordered Gansu and Qinghai.

Tao Hong-jing divides Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root based on their place of origin, believing that Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root comes from Qiang, and "it comes from Xichuan in the north of Yizhou as Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root". But in fact, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root was also produced in Sichuan during the Han Dynasty. For example, Bencao Jing Bielu recorded the origin of Du (Qiang) live: "Sheng Yongzhou Sichuan Valley and Longxi, Nan'an ." Among them, Yongzhou and Longxi are in today's Gansu and Shaanxi areas, and Nan'an is now Leshan City in Sichuan. According to "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" "Biographies of Nanman and Southwest Yi": "(Zuodu County) unearthed a long-lasting magic medicine, where the immortal Shantu lived." Li Xian annotated and quoted from "Biographies of Immortals": "Shantu is good at riding horses, but the horse breaks his feet. Shanzhong Daojiaofu rehmannia root, Chinese Angelica, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, Figwort Root." According to the "Chinese Historical Atlas", Zuodu County is located near today's Hanyuan County, Sichuan, and it is the real estate of Jinchuan Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root Road. one of the districts.

In the Qi and Liang Dynasties, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root came out of Gansu, and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root came out of Sichuan antagonism. Starting from the Tang Dynasty, the authentic production area of ​​Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root moved from Gansu to Sichuan, and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root became the origin of Gansu. One of the genuine regional materia medica. According to "New Tang Book" "Geographical Records" records that the prefectures and counties of Tugong Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root in Jiannan Road (today's Sichuan Province) include Tonghua County of Maozhou, Weichuan County of Weizhou, Jiaochuan County of Songzhou, Jiangyuan County of Dangzhou, Jingzhou Jingzhou Sichuan County, Zhezhou Pengshan County, Gongzhou Gonghua County, most of the above states and counties are in today's Ganzi and Aba Autonomous Prefectures, but there is no prefecture or county in Longyou Road (today's Gansu Province). Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root. Qianjin Yifang ﹒ "Yao Chu Chu Tu" also records that Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root was produced in Maozhou, Jiannan Road (now Maowen), and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root was produced in Danzhou, Longyou Road (now Minxian, Gansu). Sichuan Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root was also famous in the Tang Dynasty. Lin Daoren's "Xianzhi Lishang Xuduan Mifang specifically mentioned the name of Sichuan Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root.

After the Song Dynasty, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root and Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root were both authentically produced in Sichuan. For example, Bencao Tujing: "Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root are better today from Shu Han." Bencao Mengquan: "Mostly grown in Sichuan and Shu, but also in Longxi. "Materia medica Chengya Bangae": "Those who come from the Shu Han and the Western Qiang are good." Bencao Pinhui Jingyao Under the Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root authentic fields are noted: "Today's It is better to come from the Shu Han Dynasty." Modern Chen Renshan's "Drug Production Analysis" also said: "Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root is best produced in Dajianlu, Guan County, Long'an Prefecture, Jiangyou County and other places in Sichuan."

From this It can be seen that Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root and Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root have a very long history as Sichuan genuine regional materia medica. "Chinese Genuine Regional Materia Medica" lists Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root as "Western medicine" which is one-sided.