[content]

In the history of medicine in my country, Sun Si-miao, a famous medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, was a very outstanding figure and can be called the "Sage of Medicine and Forestry". His two works Qianjin Fang are a continuation of the past and have far-reaching influence, worthy of our careful study and research.

1. The academic achievements of Qianjin Fang

1. Qianjin Fang is a collection of medical classics and prescription books written before the early Tang Dynasty

Sun Si-miao has been engaged in medicine all his life. As he said, "I am loyal to my studies for eight out of ten years. In my first year, I have not yet released the book." At the age of more than 100 years old, he worked hard to learn in many ways, so he gathered together Hongfu. Lin Dang et al. said in "Correction Qianjin Yaofang. Preface" that he copied everything from the beginning of Shangji writing to the Sui Dynasty, whether it was classics or prescriptions." It can also be seen from the "Great Medical Practice" at the beginning of Qianjin Yaofang that he valued both medical classics and prescription books.

The medical classics he compiled have important philological value and are often important reference materials for us to study and collate ancient medical books on Neijing and Shanghan Lun today. . Of course, he is not a simple gatherer, but both "describes" and "discusses", taking and giving away, which reflects his scholarly attitude and research methods. Judging from the content he collected from Neijing, we can see that he paid more attention to Tibetan images and diagnosis. The Zangxiang theory of Chinese medicine is a summary and summary of the understanding of human body physiology and pathology under the guidance of the overall movement change; diagnosis is a method of understanding and analyzing diseases. These are the most clinically practical. Jingui Yaolue was discovered by Wang Zhu of the Song Dynasty and made public to the world after being compiled by Lin Dang and others. However, Qianjin Yaofang, which was more than 400 years earlier than Lin Dang, almost included The entire content of Song Dynasty's Jingui Yaolue. Although Shanghan Lun was compiled by Wang Shu-he from Jin Dynasty, when Sun Si-miao selected Qianjin Yaofang, he did not even see this book. Therefore, he had "Jiangnan" Teachers, Mi Zhongjing wanted to lament that "non-transmission", it was not until his later years that he compiled the "Treatise on Cold Damage Disease" he had read into it according to the method of "prescriptions and syndromes in the same article, comparison and analogy" Qianjin Yifang cold damage disease Vol. This is actually the earliest copy of Shanghan Lun that we can see today. China's earliest pharmacological work Shennong Bencao Jing was lost around the end of the Han Dynasty. It is not named Benjing in Zhong Jing's preface. Wu Pu, a disciple of Hua Tuo, edited it. , Liang Dynasty Tao Hong-jing compiled it, and later it was lost. What we see now is a collection from the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Japanese editions of Mori Ritsuki and Sun Xingyan are mainly based on Qianjin Fang in addition to various materia medica.

Qianjin Fang The medical prescriptions collected in Qianjin Fang are not only numerous in number, but some of them come from very early times, and some even date back to before Zhongjing. For example: "Xia Ji bitter apricot seed fried" in Qianjin Yaofang ‧Zabu", Xia Ji was the daughter of Zheng Mugong in the Spring and Autumn Period; Qianjin Yifang ‧Nourishment of nature and food" The "Zhou Baishui Hou San" in the "Zhou·Baishui Hou Powder" is earlier, and there are several "Baishui Hou Fang" in the Wuwei Handai Yijian unearthed in recent years. In addition, some prescriptions in Qianjin Fang are even from foreign countries, such as: "Wanbing Wan" is a prescription given by the famous ancient Indian doctor Qi Po; "Ajiatuo Wan", "Xiongnu Lusu Wan", etc. They are all recipes from abroad. "Sui Shu." "Yiwenzhi" contains a total of 10 kinds of medical works by Nagarjuna, Jiva, Brahman and Western Regions, totaling 80 volumes. Unfortunately, they have all disappeared so far, and only this little auspicious light is left in Qianjin Fang.

The prosperity of Fang Shuji began in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. At this time, there were hundreds and dozens of Fang Shuji, including Ge Hong's "Yu Han Fang", Zhouhou Beiji Fang, and Fan Wang's "Fan Dongyang Fang". ", Chen Yan-zhi's Xiaopin Fang, and Xu Zhi-cai's Yaodui, etc., are its most authored authors. Among them, the one that has the greatest influence on Sun Si-miao is Zhouzhou Fang, which covers Zhouzhou Fang. "There are many medicines that are easy to get. ‧..." They are all walking alone, and between the fences and crossings, Gu Xiao has medicine, and all the urgent diseases are prepared. If the family has this medicine, there is no need for medical treatment." ("Baopuzi") This is exactly the same as Sun Si-miao's "Bo The purpose of "collecting the Qun Sutras, cutting out the heavy ones, and focusing on simplicity, in order to prepare for emergencies" is the same. This book was once lost, and was later supplemented by Tao Yin-ju, and was called "Bu Que Jihou Hou Bai Fang", but it was also lost. What we see now is compiled by Yang Yongdao of the Jin Dynasty based on Qianjin Fang, Waitai Miyao, Zhenglei Bencao, etc., and is for " Attached to Zhouhou Fang, this book was published between the reign of Emperor Shizu and Yuan Dynasty of the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, we have reason to believe that Qianjin Fang contains many Ge Hong prescriptions. In addition, Xiaopin Fang was once a work comparable to Zhongjing's Shanghan Lun in the Tang Dynasty, such as Lin Dang et al. in Qianjin Yaofang ‧Afterword" Said: "I tried to read the Tang Order and saw its system. Doctors are all familiar with Zhang Zhong-jing's "cold damage disease" and Chen Yan-zhi's "Xiaopin"..." Then "Xiaopin" is also Zhongjing's ratio Also, it often hurts and leaves nothing behind,...‥If you find it in Qianjin Fang (referring to Qianjin Yaofang cold damage disease volume), then Zhongjing's method , Ten belongs to two or three, "Small Pieces" Ten belongs to its five majors, how wonderful!" Lin Dang and others took Qianjin Yaofang and Tao Hong-jing's "Building the Barrier and the Back of the Hundred Sides", Waitai Miyao came to the conclusion of "five to six out of ten" after checking one by one. According to "Waitai", there were eight major families who studied cold damage disease before the Tang Dynasty, and Zhongjing was the most author. However, this does not mean that the other families are useless, especially Xiaopin Fang deserves our attention. For example, Qianjin Yaofang's cold damage disease volume quotes Xiaopin Fang as saying: "It has been passed down from ancient times to modern times that cold damage disease is called a difficult-to-treat disease, seasonal epidemic pestilence is the aura of viral diseases, and Those who treat cold damage disease and seasonal epidemic pestilence do not judge cold damage disease and seasonal epidemic pestilence as different gases! ..... The various scriptures examined are actually different, and the appropriate treatments are different, so the explanations should be differentiated. "Cold and warm diseases, different treatment methods , this understanding was rare at the time. In terms of treatment, Xiaopin Fang also has similarities and differences with Zhongjing's group. The volume of Qianjin Yaofang cold damage disease contains many prescriptions from this group, which provides us with The study of ancient cold damage disease schools has provided valuable information, such as: wind-warmth's Weiji Decoction, enriching yin and clearing heat releasing exterior; heat accumulation Yuli, the Unprocessed Rehmannia Root Decoction for Qi and Brightness Damage, nourishing yin and strengthening the body, and purging. Attack evil. For Zhongjing's studies, these can really be said to "make up for its shortcomings and correct its shortcomings".

It should be pointed out that Sun Si-miao's contribution not only preserved a large amount of ancient medical materials for us, but also divided these materials into categories, tied them into theories, and proved them through experience, making them a unified statement. For example, when it comes to athlete's foot, he combined the experience of Zhifacun and Taoist admirers in the Jin Dynasty with the experience of monks and monks in the Song and Qi Dynasties, and "selected the ones that are effective and effective" and used them clinically. "Within ten days, it can be cured" Get eternal life."

Qianjin Fang As a collection of medical classics and prescription books before the early Tang Dynasty, it played an important role in promoting the development of medicine. Ye Mengde of the Song Dynasty called it "the essence of the ancient and modern prescription books" in "Summer Essays", "Today Tongtian (BL7) doctors all take the two books as their instructions. Qianjin Yaofang After it was written, it was not Within a few decades, it had spread abroad. Japan's "Yi Xin Fang" and North Korea's "Yi Fang Lei Gathering" not only intercepted Sun Si-miao's medical treatises and medical prescriptions, but also imitated them in writing styleQianjin Fang, which shows its far-reaching influence.

2. Qianjin Fang is a clinically practical "encyclopedia" in the history of Chinese medicine

Qianjin Fang is quite rich in content and has a broad practical basis. The book includes gynecology, pediatrics, five sense organs, internal medicine (including cold damage disease, Rebing and Zabing ), carbuncle, trauma, hemorrhoid fistula disease, removing toxin first aid, acupuncture and moxibustion, food therapy, health care, etc., each subject has independent chapters, divided into categories, and has a well-organized discussion, which has begun to take the form of a specialist. Therefore, The late famous doctor Huang Zhuzhai called Qianjin Fang "the first practical clinical encyclopedia".

In terms of gynecology, Qianjin Fang is "original for women" in style. "Second Infants and Children", and was the first to separate gynecology from internal medicine Zabing and separate the cubic theory. Its content starts with seeking a child, followed by pregnancy, fetal care, prenatal diseases, and difficult delivery , postpartum, and then discuss menstruation, leukorrhea, Zabing and other diseases, which basically outlines the outline of Chinese gynecology. In terms of treatment, Qianjin Fang treats menstruation and gynecology Diseases are treated with activating blood and resolving stasis, such as treating dysmenorrheal, warp, Jingshui unfavorable, long-lasting fistula disease, leukorrhea, persistent abdominal mass disease, sterility, usually with rhubarb pills, on the spot, Cinnamon Twig and Poria Pill, Stasis-Precipitating Decoction, all kinds of treatment, so that the blood stasis is removed and new life is achieved, the qi and blood are regulated, and the meridian is released and the disease will go away. For prenatal diseases, the emphasis is on regulating the spleen and stomach. For example, for morning sickness, use Pineilia Tuber indian bread soup and Indian bread pills; for edema in pregnancy, use carp soup. These are all examples. For postpartum diseases, it is advocated to mainly regulate and tonify the liver and kidneys, and mostly use flesh and blood and sentimental products. Later generations of Ye Tian-shi greatly appreciated it, and adopted the method and advocated the theory of regulating and tonifying extra meridian.

Before the Tang Dynasty, there were basically no pediatric works, Zhongjing did not include them, and the ancient "Skull Chimney Sutra" was lost early (the extant ones were forged by the Song Dynasty, and their value is not very great), so Sun Si-miao used "under the breast" "Infants are ill and difficult to treat", so he wrote "Shao Xiao Ying Ru Prescription". This should be the most complete and earliest pediatric monograph in the existing literature. The volume includes methods such as newborn delivery, breastfeeding, wet nurse hygiene, and child care, which is equivalent to a "general overview"; fever, smallpox, eye sores, thrush, cough, convulsions, food damage (dyspepsia), enuresis, Intestinal parasites, etc., equivalent to "monographs". Among the four major pediatric syndromes, only measles is missing, probably because this disease did not exist in Qinzhong at that time.

Qianjin Fang has a detailed summary of many pediatric diseases, such as epilepsy (actually infantile convulsion), which lists 20 syndromes in detail, and the disease cause is divided into wind, convulsion, and food. The third category also points out the following 8 items: looking directly at the pupil movement, "clamping of hands and feet, strong back tension, joy and surprise, abdominal distension and fullness, wheezing and bleeding, lack of breast milk at the mouth, sweating forever, lying down without enlightenment, etc." "Crisis", all have clinical significance.

Sun Si-miao adopted a method of classifying Zabing internal medicine according to zang-fu organs. > Qianjin Fang In 1/3 of the book, it systematically and completely discusses the physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment prescriptions of each zang-fu organ, with more than 700 prescriptions. First of all, almost every category of Zhongdu (LR6) has some famous prescriptions, which are still widely used in clinical practice, such as Phragmites Stem Decoction, Gallbladder-Warming Decoction, Zhuche Wan, Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction, etc., and many famous prescriptions in later generations, Many are also derived from this, such as Qiwei white atractylodes rhizome powder, Decoction of Two Old Ingredients, Pulse-Reinforcing Powder, Ten Major Tonics Decoction, Rehmannia Decoction, Fine Jade Paste, Original-Qi Preserving Decoction, Lianggesan, Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction, Perilla Fruit Qi-Descending Decoction, etc. Qianjin Fang has a relatively detailed description of clinical symptoms, and has rich experience in the mechanism of disease, development changes, prognosis and outcome, such as: Consumptive thirst occurs more often than joints. Yongju occurs occasionally and causes death; "Athlete's foot is not allowed - swelling is the symptom. There are also those who are swollen, and some who are not." Those who are not swollen, such as the lower abdomen Obstinate impediment, vomiting is the time when "beriberi rushes to the heart"; after hematemesis, although the feeling is shortage of qi but the heart is not dull, the patient will usually recover on his own. If dysphoria, dullness, restlessness, vomiting, and medical treatment are related to Oven Yellow Earth Decoction and donkey-hide gelatin are often used to stop the astringency, which often leads to no rescue." These experiences are very valuable.

Qianjin Yaofang and Qianjin Yifang have special chapters on diseases of the eyes, nose, mouth, lips, teeth, throat, ears, and face, all of which are well discussed, such as In one case, 16 disease causes were listed in detail. There are 81 prescriptions for eye diseases and facial diseases, including oral administration, external treatment, compound formula, and single prescription. There are 7 different formulas for bath beans (i.e. fragrant medicated soap) used for washing hands and faces in the facial care department.

Qianjin Yaofang Volume 25 provides various prescriptions for emergencies. There are many categories and the prescriptions are quite simple. For many urgent cases, local materials can be used to avert danger in an instant. Here is an example to illustrate: The rabies recorded by Qianjin Fang are the earliest ones recorded in ancient documents and contain a lot of content. Their observations are very detailed, such as the Wei rabies biting people, "It happens once every seven days, and it never stops." "The hair will fall out", but "it will take a hundred days to get rid of the ears", and it is also necessary to "avoid eating dog meat for the rest of your life". In addition, the Food Treatment Volume of the same book also records that even if a person is not bitten by a rabid dog, if he accidentally eats rabid dog meat, he will also get rabies. These are consistent with the current records. In terms of treatment methods, there are as many as 32 supplementary prescriptions. Among them, "the rabid dog's brain is transferred to the wound and does not relapse", which is recorded from Zhouzhou Fang, while the other single prescriptions are mostly Sun's empirical prescriptions. Applying moxibustion to the bite area (the same applies to poisonous snake bites) is particularly effective. Covering fire can coagulate and destroy toxic proteins.

It can be seen from the above that: on the one hand, Qianjin Fang has a direct impact on the development of medicine in the direction of specialists after the Tang Dynasty, and the continuous emergence of monographs on various subjects, such as Taoist Ai's "Immortal Teaching" I>Lishang Xuduan Mifang, Chen Zi-ming's Furen Liangfang Daquan, Qian Yi's Xiao'er Yaozheng Zhijue, Wang Zhizhong's Zhenjiu Zishengjing and other professional works, as well as Zhang Jie-gu's "zang-fu organ Hanre deficiency and excess medicinal formula", etc., all come from Qianjin Fang absorbed nutrients from it. On the other hand, many clinical doctors have directly obtained practical and effective prescriptions from Qianjin Fang, and even "a little breakthrough of its barriers is enough to make a difference in medical skills" (Yu Tuan Yixue Zhengzhuan. And so on, it all shows that Qianjin Fang is worthy of being the "first clinical practical encyclopedia".

3. Qianjin Fang is the pioneer of a generation of medical practice Milestones

Xu Ling-tai pointed out in Yixue Yuanliu Lun that "Zhongjing's studies changed in the Tang Dynasty". He was targeting Sun Si-miao's Qianjin Fang I>. He believes that Qianjin Fang comes from "the ancient sage's method of controlling ten thousand things is non-transmission". In fact, Qianjin Fang is for Neijing I> Zhongjing’s studies have been inherited and developed. What he attacked was exactly where Sun Si-miao had unique views or creative expressions.

In the past, it was generally believed that Sun Si-miao was important in medical theory. There is no achievement. This is wrong. You will know it if you read the original work. Here are a few examples from Volumes 13 to 20 of Qianjin Yaofang to illustrate.

He believes: The formulation of "heart resuscitation Yu tongue" is inappropriate. We can only say "heart qi leads to the tongue". Because "the tongue is not an orifice" and "the orifice of the heart is reflected in the ears". Theoretically speaking, the heart is fire and the kidneys are It is water, and there is a coordination between water and fire. At the same time, the hand lesser yin heart meridian (HT) is also in the ear; clinically speaking, some tinn itus patients must be treated from the heart to be effective. For example, the Milkwort Root Decoction in Qianjin Yaofang, "Heart" is mainly used to treat heart deficiency and tinnitus.

Also as Mingmen (GV4) said, he took the purgation point of the fourteen vertebrae as Mingmen ( GV4), it is proposed that "Mingmen (GV4) is one inch above the heart" (Qianjin Yaofang ‧Heart"). This is a new formulation, but unfortunately there is no relevant discussion.

About Five zang-organs are not enough to regulate the stomach. He said: "A full stomach means intestinal deficiency, and a full intestine means stomach deficiency. The more full the stomach, the more deficient it will be." The anger rises and falls, the five zang-organs are stable, the bloodline is harmonious, and the spirit is at home. Therefore, the essence of water and grain is qi, and the five zang-organs are not enough to regulate the stomach. " (Qianjin Yaofang ‧Stomach") This is a play on the spirit of Neijing. It further clearly points out that the "fuller and more empty" of the gastrointestinal tract is the result of the qi movement of the human body up and down. The hub of the body, water and grain are the foundation of life activities, and the "five zang-organs are not enough to regulate the stomach", which has an influence on the Butu Sect of later generations.

About labor, nourishing the child, Qianjin Fang proposed: "The labor of the heart nourishes the spleen qi to benefit it, the labor of the liver nourishes the heart qi to benefit it, the labor of the spleen nourishes the lung qi to benefit it, and the lungs "Working to replenish kidney qi will benefit it, and replenishing kidney qi to benefit it." This formulation is a summary of experience based on the theory of Neijing correlation of five zang-organs. Xu Shu-wei of the Song Dynasty further elaborated on this and cited experimental cases to prove it. (See Benshi Fang ‧Volume 9)

These examples all show that the author of Qianjin Fang is not all "statement without writing". He has many medical theories. The question is still very insightful. Of course, his greater achievement was in the clinical field. He put more effort into collecting, verifying and summarizing medical experiences that had not been written down, and achieved greater success. He also created a generation of medical style with this.

The first is a summary of special prescriptions and medicines. The theory of specialized medicines, prescriptions and diseases seems to have originated from Shennong Bencao Jing and Shanghan Zabing Lun, such as Shanghan Lun six-meridian diseases All have special prescriptions and medicines. In "The Golden Chamber", lily bulb is used as the three medicines for lily disease, melon wilt and longstamen onion bulb are used for chest impediment, which are also specialized medicines. With the development of the times, the understanding of diseases has become deeper and deeper, the understanding of the efficacy of drugs has become richer, and new drugs are constantly being discovered. Therefore, there are bound to be more and more specialized prescriptions and drugs. Qianjin Fang has made the greatest achievements in this field, such as malaria. Although Zhongjing used antifebrile dichroa twig and leaf, he did not use it as a specialized medicine; Qianjin Yaofang Of the 34 prescriptions used to treat malaria, 17 used antifebrile dichroa twig and leaf or antifeverile dichroa root. In addition, the new antimalarial drugs European Verbena Herb, twotooth achyranthes root and cuttlebone sepium were first documented. Qianjin Fang To treat dysentery, Golden Thread and Dried Ginger are used as special medicines. Ginger is also used for hot dysentery, and Golden Thread is also used for cold dysentery. In addition, effective special medicines for treating dysentery such as pomegranate, Pomegranate Rind, Smoked Plum, and Chencang rice are also recorded. aphtha, he uses the root of rosemary tree as a "holy medicine". It is currently known that this medicine is indeed an effective inhibitor of oral mold. Others such as acute jaundice uses rhubarb as the special medicine, seminal emission spontaneous seminal emission uses leek as the special medicine, hemorrhoids uses sophora japonica as the special medicine, internal carbuncle uses Peach Seed and waxgourd seed as the special medicine, etc., and many new experiences have been summarized. .

Secondly, new questions are raised through these new experiences. That is to say, what if these prescriptions are very effective, but traditional theories cannot explain it? Take Qianjin Fang's Mume Pill for treating dampness-heat dysentery as an example , there are only two herbs in the prescription, Smoked Plum and Golden Thread. Smoked Plum has an acidic and astringent taste. It is generally believed that dysentery is easy to clear up at the beginning. If it astringes too early, there is a risk of retaining evil spirits. But why is it effective? In recent years, many times There have been reports of using Smoked Plum, Golden Thread powder or single-flavor Smoked Plum powder to treat acute bacillary dysentery. Not only did the symptoms disappear quickly, but the bacteria also turned negative quickly. Another example is Qianjin Fang's carp soup, which is very effective in treating edema in pregnancy and other edema, as well as liver cirrhosis and abdominal retention of water. Carp alone can also be used. If it is explained in terms of "carp Hualong Xingshui" , is obviously absurd. Another example is Qipo Wanbing Pills. Such a prescription contains dozens of herbs in one prescription. It is impossible to explain it using the traditional theories of monarch, minister, assistant, and envoy. Even Sun himself said that this prescription can be used for many chronic diseases. , but its curative effect is "I don't know why it happens". Zhang Lu once said that he had used this prescription, and a recent man, Yun Tie-qiao, used it to treat his own chronic illnesses. The "Yuemei Chinese Medicine Case" also contains a case of treatment using this prescription. These examples alone illustrate that there is a reason why a drug is effective. If traditional principles cannot explain its therapeutic mechanism, it means that theory has lagged behind practice. This raises an important question. Practice will promote the development of theory in new directions. Of course, given the conditions of Sun Si-miao's time, this problem could not be solved. He saw the problem and made many efforts, such as introducing the "earth, water, fire, wind" theory of ancient Indian medicine. (Qianjin Yaofang ‧Volume 1‧Diagnosis 4), is nothing more than a hope for theoretical development.

2. Qianjin Fang’s academic thoughts

1. Advocating the popularization of medicine

Medicine comes from the production and life practices of working people and is the common wealth of mankind. However, due to social and historical reasons, most people cannot get treatment when they are ill, especially in remote areas where there is a lack of medical treatment and medicine. People do not even have common medical knowledge. As Sun Si-miao said: "The success or failure of the people depends on the food they eat." If you don't know how to use it every day, water and fire are so close that it's hard to recognize them." (Qianjin Yaofang ‧Preface to Food Therapy") urgent"). Sun Si-miao was very sad about this, so he very clearly proposed the popularization of medicine. We believe that this is a fundamental aspect of Qianjin Fang's academic thought.

The origin of this idea is of course related to his deep belief in Taoism. It should be pointed out that Sun Si-miao spent almost all his life among the people. He was well aware of the sufferings of the people. He himself was "suffering from the cold when he was young. He repeatedly built a medical school and exhausted all his family property with decoctions and medicines." ( Qianjin Yaofang (Preface)) and determined to study medicine, so he openly declared in Qianjin Yaofang (Preface) that his book "cannot be passed on to the nobles, and can only be used for their own benefit by the common people." "Do you want to make every family self-taught and everyone aware of it?" If you are in a hurry, you can recover your illness and ask for prescriptions, find medicine according to prescriptions, and save people from danger in an instant. As he said: "Liquorice Root can relieve dermatitis medicamentosa, just like Tang Wo Xue, it has the same magic. It has the poison of Renzhong common monkshood mother root and Croton Fruit. Liquorice Root can cure the poison in the human abdomen; if the poison of Liquorice root is swallowed, the onion soup will cure it." Determine; the kudzu poison in the middle field, the soil slurry fluid retention will stop as soon as it is over. Such a thing will be tested as soon as it is turned over, so everyone must know it." (Qianjin Yaofang. removing toxin and mixed treatment") In the same book, "Preface to Women's Prescriptions", he also said: "It is necessary to teach your children to learn these three volumes of Women's Prescriptions and make them proficient. Even in the hasty autumn, why worry about it?" It is often appropriate to write a copy of it. This book should be carried with you, just in case something unexpected happens. "Precisely because he advocated the popularization of medicine so enthusiastically, he advocated medical ethics and criticized the ills of doctors who were intolerant or deliberately mysterious in their skills to treat non-transmission people. His Qianjin Fang Diligent in seeking knowledge, "expanding equipment and planning", paying special attention to the treatment of frequently-occurring and common diseases among the people. Many diseases that are not covered in general books can be found in Qianjin Fang ) At the same time, simple, convenient, cheap, and proven single and proven prescriptions account for a large proportion in the book. This book is related to this academic thought, and also makes his book have the color of folk medical style that emphasizes practical results.

"A small prescription can cure a serious disease, and the famous doctor will be angry at sea." Unfortunately, doctors who have always regarded it as "orthodox" have dismissed both prescriptions and folk remedies, denouncing them as "ringing bells to distract the market" and "using biased methods." The medical theory becomes more and more mysterious, but the curative effect is very poor.

2. Pay attention to the organization and research of prescription medicines

Sun Si-miao's life-long perseverance is focused on prescriptions, Qianjin Yaofang, Qianjin Yifang all have "prescriptions" in their books, and he has collected more than 6,000 prescriptions, which is unprecedented. He advocates that prescriptions should be "suited to the circumstances" and believes that previous prescriptions should be based on the condition of the disease. If you add or remove them and make them fit together, you can't stick to the pillars, drums and harp, and you can't change things from the past. "To follow the old methods without false additions and losses will lead to many disadvantages. "(Qianjin Yaofang ‧Prescription") Not only the flavor of the medicine should be increased or decreased, but the dose should also be determined according to the severity of the disease. If the disease is serious, the medicine should be heavy, and if the disease is light, the medicine should be light. "If you follow the ancients, He also pointed out that there are differences between men and women, old and young, there are differences in constitution between strong and weak, and there is a drying dampness between heaven and earth. Therefore, , prescription drugs must be "temporary" and "increasing or decreasing according to the disease" (Qianjin Yaofang ‧Prescription"). These views will undoubtedly have a positive impact on later generations of medical schools competing to innovate prescriptions. . Of course, his attitude is relatively balanced and not as extreme as Zhang Jie-gu and others.

He does not completely deny the prescriptions of his predecessors, especially in inheriting and carrying forward Zhongjing's learning. He has made great efforts. Some comrades say that he and Zhongjing are not on the same path. In fact, he is very good at using Zhongjing's prescriptions, such as using prepared liquorice root decoction to treat consumptive disease. The pulse will never die after a hundred days, not limited to cold damage disease; use True The combination of Warrior Decoction and Aconite Decoction treats cold-dampness, not limited to water qi. For example, Kidney Qi Pill is the ancestral prescription for nourishing the kidneys and is used for consumptive diseases; Chinese Angelica fresh ginger rhizome mutton decoction is used to treat postpartum consumptive diseases such as metrorrhagia. And metrostaxis is not the only one; use cold-dampness lumbago soup (ganjing atractylodes rhizome soup) to treat cold-dampness leg pain, spleen deficiency cough, polyphlegm, women's leukorrhea, old Renzhong deficiency and urinary incontinence, all of which can capture the original cubic essence, Further promote and expand its use. In addition, he often flexibly adds or subtracts from the original prescription to adapt to new conditions. For example, the carp soup for treating edema in pregnancy is transformed from Zhongjing's True Warrior Decoction, and is replaced by Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, with the addition of Chinese Angelica, becomes a remedy for warming the kidney and disinhibiting water, and becomes a remedy for fortifying the spleen and disinhibiting water, and calming fetus. Zhongjing Oven Yellow Earth Decoction, originally used to treat bloody stool (distal bleeding), Qianjin Fang went to Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, added Dried Ginger, and was used for hematemesis, one bloody stool, one hematemesis, in The mechanism of disease is all middle qi. Deficiency and cold, it is better to treat different diseases with the same prescription, and Dried Ginger stays and does not go away, especially good at warming the middle. Taking blood, unless there is a dangerous syndrome of Yuan Yin bursting, it is actually better than Zhong Jing's Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root is better. Qianjin Fang Phragmites Stem Decoction for treating lung abscess, which is obviously derived from Zhongjing’s rhubarb mudanpi decoction for intestinal abscess. Peach Seed and waxgourd seed are used to promote blood circulation, attack difficulties, and expelling pus. As for the special medicine for internal carbuncles, that one is intratestinal abscess, so Zhongjing used saltpeter yellow to treat it; this one is lung abscess, and Sun used the medicine of reed stems and barley to treat it lightly. Zhongjing’s secret is that it is so flexible and precise. It cannot be done by those who are not knowledgeable and experienced. Just as Zhang Shi-wan said: "If you don't talk about "Golden Chamber", how can you know the source of "Qianjin"; if you don't read "Qianjin", how can you understand the reform of "Golden Chamber"." From this point of view, Sun Si- miao should also be regarded as Zhongjing's hero.

Qianjin Fang is also good at integrating ancient prescriptions, empirical prescriptions, single prescriptions, and herbal medicines. It combines the rigor of ancient prescriptions, the flexibility of empirical prescriptions, and the special effects of folk single prescriptions. For example, his Sanhuang Pulsatilla Decoction to treat heat toxin dysentery is based on Zhongjing Pulsatilla Decoction, adding rhinoceros horn, largetrifoliolious bugbane rhizome removing toxin, Lightyellow Sophora Root, Pomegranate Rind, Chinese Taxillus Herb to treat dysentery, Argy Wormwood Leaf, Liquorice Root and medium pain relief. Chinese Taxillus Herb Treats dysentery since. Qianjin Fang, and later Diannan Bencao and "Yu Jie Yao Jie" have records of parasitic treatment of blood dysentery. Recent studies have shown that Chinese Taxillus Herb can treat various intestinal bacteria. Has inhibitory effect. Depending on the original prescription, the curative effect is even better. The author has used this recipe to treat children with toxic dysentery, high fever, unconsciousness, and blood jelly in the stool, and the effect is quite good. Another example is swelling, "the abdomen is as hard as a stone and cannot be controlled by taking diuretics." He believes that it is not only necessary to dilute water, but also to activate blood circulation. Blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals such as Salvia Root and winged euonymus are also very effective. Insightful. Qianjin Fang There are also a large number of homemade prescriptions, such as Gallbladder-Warming Decoction, Spleen-Warming Decoction, Pubescent Angelica and Taxillus Decoction, Guzengwan, Garrison Pill, Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction, purple pills, etc. are all prescriptions commonly used in clinical practice today with excellent curative effects.

3． Advocates the use of comprehensive therapy in clinical practice

Qianjin Fang Advocates the use of comprehensive therapy in clinical practice, actively treating diseases through a variety of approaches, and transforming the disease into a direction conducive to recovery as early as possible. It should be pointed out that Chinese medicine, which is based on practice, has a wide range of ways to treat diseases and is not limited to internal medicine. This issue needs to be paid attention to.

(1) Combination of medication and health care

Qianjin Yaofang and Qianjin Yifang both have health care articles. Sun Si-miao calls health preservation "nurturing nature" and explains that health preservation is "the theory of habituation and development of nature", and "the light of treating disease before its onset is its meaning". In today's terms, it means to develop good hygiene habits. Instead of being exhausted due to illness, it is better to pay attention to health preservation to avoid the occurrence of diseases. This is completely consistent with the spirit of Neijing, but he does not believe that there is such a thing as "life spans the world, and there is no end". Instead, he says: "Those who take good care of their health can live for one or two hundred years." ". In terms of health methods, most of the methods he summarized are also practical and feasible. For example, in terms of mental emotions, he believes: Human beings are not grass and trees, and they cannot be ruthless, but they should be restrained and not excessive. He criticized the princes' families with hundreds of beauties and excessive debauchery, "who indulge their passions and their fates are as good as the morning glow", and pointed out that indulgence in sexual activities is very harmful and is "a matter of losing one's life". Therefore, if you are not sick, you should be safe, if you are sick, you should be cured. Couples should stay in different beds. "It is better to take hundreds of medicines than to lie alone." In terms of fluid retention and food, he pointed out that in a fertile land, where there are many people, people live early, but in a frugal place, where there are many people and live long lives, enjoying too much is often one of the important reasons for the occurrence of many diseases. He criticized the harm of "parturition, gluttony and gluttony" and believed that "it is necessary to eat less meat, more rice and more vegetables". He did not fully agree with the method of "quietness to maintain health". He believed that Warren said that the human body "should be a small labor, but it is not inconvenient to go beyond the extreme." Quite reasonable. Therefore, he recorded the "Laozi tuina method" and "Tianzhu tuina method" in Qianjin Fang ‧Nurturance of Nature". They are actually two sets of simple and easy health exercises, which almost include the "eight sections" of later generations. All the actions of Jin". It is also said that even the elderly, if they can follow this practice once or twice a day, they can achieve the effects of lightening their bodies, prolonging their lives, and staying healthy and disease-free.

(2) Combination of medicinal therapy and food therapy

He attaches great importance to food therapy in clinical practice. He once said: "The medicinal property is as strong as a soldier. The soldiers are so violent that they cannot be used rashly and use them wisely." It is advisable to treat injuries by spreading them to diseases, and the same goes for disasters. Therefore, doctors must first understand the source of the disease and know what is causing it. If food therapy does not cure it, then prescribe medicine." Put food therapy on Prior to the importance of medication. Therefore, Qianjin Fang has both medicinal and food therapy prescriptions for various types of diseases. For example, lettuce juice is used for consumptive thirst, turnip juice is used for jaundice, and rice beans are used for athlete's foot. , for liver deficiency, use animal liver, for consumptive disease, use sheep viscera, sheep bone soup, pig kidney soup, are all examples. In particular, it should be mentioned that Qianjin Fang uses food therapy to treat consumptive disease, which is an important supplement to Zhongjing's principle of focusing on the spleen and kidneys, sweetness, warmth and nourishment of yang. For example, in the kidney chapter of Qianjin Yaofang, some flesh-and-blood products such as Pilose Antler, Deer Horn, beef marrow, chicken liver, horse stem, sheep kidney, pig kidney, and sheep skull are commonly used to nourish the kidneys, among which Pilose Antler is used. , sheep kidney, accounting for 27 squares. For Yin essence deficiency, "Qian Jin Bie" also makes recipes such as Peach Seed decoction, asparagus root decoction, bone-filled Wanjin ointment, etc., and uses raw rehmannia, crispy cake, honey, milk, sesame, beef marrow, Cochinchinese Asparagus Root and the like as nutrients to nourish the yin. Filling the essence, nourishing the decayed body, and opening up a new realm beyond Zhongjing's law. Qianjin Fang The food treatment chapter contains more than 150 kinds of grains, meats, fruits, and vegetables. There are concise records of the main treatments, properties, flavors, and taboos of each food.

(3) Combination of acupuncture and moxibustion with medicinal treatment

Sun's two works Qianjin Fang both have special volumes on acupuncture and moxibustion. He believes: "The contribution of acupuncture and moxibustion is more than half that of decoction and medicine." ", "The acupuncture and moxibustion attack the outside, and the decoction attacks the inside, then the disease elements will escape." Therefore, "knowing the needle and medicine is a good doctor."

Acupuncture and moxibustion are indeed very effective in clinical practice. According to statistics, there are nearly a hundred types of common clinical diseases for which acupuncture and moxibustion are suitable. In Nanjing, acupuncture and moxibustion were used to treat acute bacillary dysentery, with a cure rate of 92.4%, indicating that acupuncture and moxibustion are indeed more effective than decoction. The combination of acupuncture and medicine can definitely improve the clinical efficacy.

(4) Combination of oral administration and external treatment

Qianjin Fang also attaches great importance to external treatment. In addition to acupuncture and moxibustion, tuina, it also uses a large number of medicinal methods such as perming, fumigation, washing, applying, sticking, etc. Various treatments such as blowing, rubbing, and irrigation can be used. External treatment can not only be combined with internal medicines to improve the efficacy, but sometimes external treatment alone can achieve significantly higher efficacy than internal medicines.

For example, the dysentery prescription described in Qianjin Yaofang is an example. Sun often uses pig gall fel, clove, Amur Cork-Tree, Chinese Angelica, Lightyellow Sophora Root, alumite, realgar, Liquorice Root, musk, salt, etc. as medicinal retention enema. In recent years, there have been many reports that this method has good curative effect on chronic dysentery and chronic non-specific ulcerative colitis. Another example is Bi syndrome. For those with severe pain, slow analgesic effect of oral medicine, or those who are weak and unable to attack, we often use the rubbing ointments (Chinese Angelica, Manchurian Wildginger, Cinnamon Central Bark, Dried) mentioned in Qianjin Fang Ginger, slender root of common monkshood, dahurian angelica root, common monkshood mother root, Salvia Root, birthplace), or soak common monkshood mother root, kusnezoff monkshood root, etc. in alcohol as intended, then dip a cotton ball in it and rub it on the sore area. The analgesic effect is better. Also Qianjin Yifang is used to treat chest impediment chest and back pain, use common monkshood mother root, Manchurian Wildginger, Prepared Common Monkshood Daughter Root, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome and Root, bunge pricklyath pericarp, cinnamon central bark, Sichuan Lovage Rhizome. At the end of the day, it can be wrapped in silk, roasted over low heat to warm it up, and used to burn the chest and back. It has certain curative effects in recent people for treating colicky pain, neuralgia, and pain caused by cancer metastasis. The use of medicinal pillows to treat eye diseases was first seen in Qianjin Fang. Wu Shi-ji in the Qing Dynasty once said in "Li Xun Jiao Wen": "The principles of external treatment are the principles of internal treatment, and the medicine of external treatment is also the medicine of internal treatment. The difference is the law." It can be seen from this that the approach of Chinese medicine to treat diseases Very broad, but unfortunately most of them are currently limited to oral medicine. Not only has many valuable experiences of the ancients been lost, but the clinical approach has become narrower and narrower. This is a problem worthy of attention.