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Zhang Ji (150~219) named Zhongjing, a native of Nieyang, Nanjun (now Nanyang, Henan Province), a medical scientist of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Ji has been proficient in erudition since childhood and was fond of medicine. He studied medicine from Zhang Bozu in the same county and later served as the prefect of Changsha. He was known as "Zhang Changsha" and his prescriptions were also known as It is called "Changsha Fang". Zhong Jing When he was young, he visited the famous scholar He Yong from his hometown. Yong told him: "If you are good at thinking but not very good in rhyme, you will be a good person in the future. Good doctor." It's as he said. ("Farewell Biography of He Yong")

In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, pestilence became popular. Zhongjing In less than 10 years, 2/3 of the family members contracted the disease and died, of which 7/10 died from disease caused by cold. people. He studied hard Suwen, Lingshu, Bashiyi Nan, yin-yang great treatise, Fetal Medicine It inherits the basic theories of classical medical books such as Neijing, collects extensively the treatment methods of other doctors, combines them with personal rich experience and experience in clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and improves them to With a certain theoretical height, he creatively wrote Shanghan Zabing Lun, an epoch-making masterpiece of clinical medicine. Assiduous study and long-term medical practice made Zhang Zhong-jing an outstanding clinical medical scientist, and he was respected as the "Sage of Medicine" by future generations.

Zhang Zhong-jing has superb medical skills and noble medical ethics. He believes that a doctor's duty is to treat illnesses and save lives. In addition to having superb medical skills, doctors must also have a serious and responsible work attitude and the spirit of innovation. Therefore, he treats those who "measure the ruler by the inch and shake the hand by the foot." "Just prescribe decoction and medicine", a medical style that disregards human life, which expresses great indignation. He gave sharp criticism to those quacks who are helpless in the face of the epidemic of pestilence, but "each has his own skills and always follows the old" and sticks to the old rules. He also refuted the superstitious idea of ​​"looking to witches to pray and die in poverty" and asking for blessings from ghosts and gods, pointing out that the result can only be "to surrender and accept defeat." It was precisely based on this spirit of opposing superstition, opposing complacency, focusing on practice, serious study, and daring to innovate that he became the "Medical Saint". Zhang wrote 16 volumes (210) of Shanghan Zabing Lun. The book was originally lost, but was collected and compiled by later generations of doctors and divided into the now popular Shanghan Lun and Jingui Yaolue.

Zhang Zhong-jing's academic thoughts are mainly reflected in his book Shanghan Zabing Lun. On the basis of inheriting the ideas of his predecessors on "syndrome differentiation and treatment", he founded A set of principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and made important contributions to the development of Chinese medicine etiology and Chinese medical formulas.

1. The original theory of three yin and three yang, disease caused by cold, and the theory of zang-fu organ Zabing laid the foundation for syndrome differentiation and treatment. Zhang Zhong-jing took the strengths of the "medical classics" and "classical formula experts" and merged them into one. He based on Suwen ﹒ Re Lun The basic theory of syndrome differentiation of three yin and three yang creatively summarizes the complex syndromes and evolution of exogenous diseases, and proposes a relatively complete syndrome differentiation system of three yin and three yang. It also organically connects the theories of zang-fu organ, meridian and collateral and etiology since Neijing, as well as diagnosis, treatment and other aspects of knowledge, and uses sweat. The treatment methods of vomiting, vomiting, relaxing, warming, clearing, eliminating and tonifying, as well as the selection and use of each formula and specific drugs, provide a realistic syndrome differentiation program and specific treatment for the occurrence, development and syndrome differentiation of external-contraction febrile disease. measure. In terms of Zabing in various subjects, Zhong Jing started from the concept of holism, based on zang-fu organ meridian and collateral theory, and used simple expression methods , there are detailed and slightly different discussions on the etiology, onset and principle-method-recipe-medicinal of each disease, and the pathogenesis and four examinations based on zang-fu organ meridian and collateral are proposed The Eight Outlines carry out syndrome differentiation methods that combine diseases and syndromes. Zhongjing focuses on Zabing's research on one disease, which is conducive to deepening people's understanding of many diseases and has very obvious advantages.
2. Developed the theory of etiology and pathogenesis. "There are no more than three diseases among all kinds of diseases: first, meridian and collateral evils entering the zang-fu organ, which are internal causes; second, nine orifices of the limbs, which are passed down by blood and blocked, are caused by Injury to the outer skin; three, injuries from the chamber, golden blades, and insects and beasts." The complex causes are summarized into three categories, and the causes and causes of the three different categories are explained. Zabing This can be called the earliest relatively clear etiology theory in Chinese medicine, which is the so-called three-cause disease theory in later generations. Regarding the occurrence of diseases, Zhong Jing believes that whether the disease occurs depends on the rise and fall of healthy qi in the human body, emphasizing the scientific point of view that healthy qi is the basis and evil qi is the target.
3. Contribution to Chinese medical formulas. Zhang's clinical prescriptions are rigorous and rigorous. He has accumulated rich experience in legislating according to syndromes, unifying prescriptions according to the law, and adding and subtracting according to the syndrome. It contains many important principles of formulating and is therefore respected by later generations. As the originator of Chinese medical formulas, Zhongjing Fang is also known as the "ancestor of all prescriptions". Shanghan Lun contains 113 prescriptions and 87 kinds of medicines. Jingui Yaolue contains 262 prescriptions and 116 kinds of medicines. Zhongjing's formula has been proven through long-term clinical practice and has remarkable curative effect. It is still widely used by doctors at home and abroad. Some of the formulas are also made into patent medicines according to the original formula. Zhang Zhong-jing not only summarized the experience of our people in fighting against diseases in the early 3rd century, but also further established the principle of applying principle-method-recipe-medicinal and syndrome differentiation to treat diseases, making Chinese medicine theory and The close integration of clinical practice laid an important foundation for the development of Chinese medicine in later generations and made outstanding contributions to the development of Chinese medicine. Many of the treatment principles and methods he created are still widely used in clinical practice today.