Li Gao wrote, in three volumes, completed in 1232 and revised in 1247. It is the only work that Li Gao finalized and wrote a preface for during his lifetime. The main versions currently available include the Dongyuan Shishu edition, the Siku Quanshu edition, and the 1959 lead-printed edition by the People's Medical Publishing House.

The book distinguishes between external and internal injuries. Diseases caused by mental stimulation, dietary irregularities, etc., are considered internal injuries, with treatment focusing on regulating the spleen and stomach, illustrating the difference in treatment from external contraction diseases caused by the six excesses. Volume one discusses diagnosis, detailing yin and yang syndromes, pulse manifestations, cold and heat, external pathogenic factors such as Bafeng (EX-LE10), the palms and backs of hands, mouth and nose, bones and limbs, headache, qi deficiency, lack of appetite, thirstlessness, labor-induced diseases, and the differentiation between internal injuries and external contractions in various syndromes including heatstroke. Volume two covers dietary and labor injuries, seasonal medication adjustments, summer heat affecting stomach qi, and includes discussions on Middle-Tonifying Qi-Replenishing Decoction and Sacred Qi-Restoring Decoction. Volume three discusses appropriate and contraindicated medications, alcohol addiction, customizing prescriptions according to illness, and timely medication use.

The book provides a comprehensive and systematic exposition on the diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach diseases caused by dietary and labor fatigue. It highlights the significant role of spleen and stomach prosperity and decline in the occurrence, development, and changes of internal injuries, and fully reflects this in the treatment of various internal injury diseases, such as the specially formulated Middle-Tonifying Qi-Replenishing Decoction, which heavily uses Astragalus Root, paired with Cimicifuga Rhizome, to supplement earth generating metal, and to raise the clear and lower the turbid.